一种客车应急自动破窗装置的设计

随着汽车工业的发展,人们对汽车乘坐舒适性和安全性的要求日趋提高。为保证紧急时刻乘客能顺利逃生,从车窗玻璃安装方式的角度考虑,设计了一种新的客车自动破窗装置,以弥补传统破窗方式的不足。     

Local ramp metering with distant downstream bottlenecks: A comparative study

The well-known feedback ramp metering algorithm ALINEA can be applied for local ramp metering or included as a key component in a coordinated ramp metering system. ALINEA uses real-time occupancy measurements from the ramp flow merging area that may be at most a few hundred meters downstream of the metered on-ramp nose. In many practical cases, however, bottlenecks with smaller capacities than the merging area may exist further downstream, which suggests using measurements from those downstream bottlenecks. Recent theoretical and simulation studies indicate that ALINEA may lead to poorly damped closed-loop behavior in this case, but PI-ALINEA, a suitable Proportional-Integral (PI) extension of ALINEA, can lead to satisfactory control performance. This paper addresses the same local ramp-metering problem in the presence of far-downstream bottlenecks, with a particular focus on the employment of PI-ALINEA to tackle three distinct cases of bottleneck that may often be encountered in practice: (1) an uphill case; (2) a lane-drop case; and (3) an un-controlled downstream on-ramp case. Extensive simulation studies are conducted on the basis of a macroscopic traffic flow model to show that ALINEA is not capable of carrying out ramp metering in these bottleneck cases, while PI-ALINEA operates satisfactorily in all cases. A field application example of PI-ALINEA is also reported with regard to a real case of far downstream bottlenecks. With its control parameters appropriately tuned beforehand, PI-ALINEA is found to be universally applicable, with little fine-tuning required for field applications.     

京津铁路客运专线工程时间同步系统概述

时间同步系统为铁路各业务系统的调度指挥人员、各系统设备和乘客提供统一的、标准的时间信息,是铁路运行必不可少的、非常重要的系统。本文介绍了京津客运专线中时间同步的构成要素及网络构成状况。     

汽车悬架系统非线性参数时域优化及应用

针对国产某微型轿车,在建立汽车悬架系统5自由度模型和时域路面模型基础上,对悬架系统的线性弹簧和非线性阻尼参数进行了优化。根据优化结果,对悬架系统的刚度和阻尼进行了匹配设计。经试验表明:座椅加速度自谱峰值减小7.4%,加速度均方根值减小19.4%,有效地改善了该车的行驶平顺性,证明时域优化方法对于悬架系统非线性参数优化是可行的。     

路网可靠度模型的研究与拓展

回顾了路网可靠度模型的研究进展：包括不同的可靠度指标、模型以及算法。在分析传统可靠度模型优缺点的基础上，提出将随机网络平衡模型用于路网可靠度分析。     

四轮车辆非平稳路面不平度时域模拟及小波分析

建立了非平稳的四轮相关滤波白噪声路面时域模型，并用计算机模拟得出四轮的路面不平度时间序列。理论验证的结果表明该模型与路面的实际情况非常接近，进而采用谱分析、小波分析等数据处理技术对路面信号的时频特征进行了深入的探讨，得出了一些有价值的结论。     

基于GIS的城市公交出行时间链研究

分析城市公交网络的各种空间实体数据和属性数据,建立了基于GIS的公交网络信息数据库。利用GIS空间分析与决策功能,分析研究乘客公交出行时间链,采用Logit反推模型,结合苏州市公交规划调查数据,回归计算出公交出行时间链各部分权重值。公交出行时间链的研究是公交网络配流及网络优化的理论基础,其权重值的分析计算具有重要的实用意义。     

基于动态时间弯曲的多模板匹配车型分类

针对环形感应线圈采集数据的特点,讨论一种基于动态时间弯曲(DTW)算法的车型分类新方法。由于采样波形与车速、车辆自身结构以及其通过线圈时的相对位置有关,导致实际同类车辆波形存在伸长、压缩,甚至波形残缺不全或局部振荡等复杂情况。为此,本方法首先对样本数据进行降噪滤波,补齐不完整信号等预处理;熟后结合DTW方法和最优聚类分析原理选取同类车型的多个模板,综合考虑误纳与误拒情况,可降低单模板匹配存在的误拒率;最后利用DTW算法和多个分类区分度指标进行多模板匹配,得出分类结论。论文仿真部分以一类车型为例,分析了本文方法与其他方法比较存在的优势。     

载人深潜器观察窗的力学性能

载人球是深海载人潜水器最为关键的部件.在设计过程中,要准确了解观察窗在使用工况下的蠕变变形过程和强度变化过程,据此开展窗座设计.否则可能出现观察窗挤出窗座或者在蠕变过程中变形不协调使得密封失效,或者载人球整体抗压能力的降低.文章通过计算分析和试验两种手段,对深海观察窗的强度、蠕变、边界条件的影响进行了研究.观察窗与窗座之间的相对位移,文中认为由两部分构成:一部分是观察窗玻璃随时间的蠕变变形,另一部分为观察窗与窗座在海水压力作用下发生的挤压变形.文中采用有限元方法进行接触分析,了解在不同边界摩擦系数下,观察窗因海水压力产生的挤压变形.从加工出来的观察窗产品中,任意抽取了两套侧观察窗和两套主观察窗进行试验研究.对理论计算与试验结果进行了对比分析,相关结果可供工程设计参考.     

Can agents measure up? A comparative study of an agent-based and on-line optimization approach for a drayage problem with uncertainty

Experiments studying the behavior of agent-based methods over varying levels of uncertainty in comparison to traditional optimization methods are generally absent from the literature. In this paper we apply two structurally distinct solution approaches, an on-line optimization and an agent-based approach, to a drayage problem with time windows under two types of uncertainty. Both solution approaches are able to respond to dynamic events. The on-line optimization approach utilizes a mixed integer program to obtain a feasible route at 30-s intervals. The second solution approach deploys agents that engage in auctions to satisfy their own objectives based on the information they perceive and maintain locally. Our results reveal that the agent-based system can outperform the on-line optimization when service time duration is highly uncertain. The on-line optimization approach, on the other hand, performs competitively with the agent-based system under conditions of job-arrival uncertainty. When both moderate service time and job-arrival uncertainties are combined, the agent system outperforms the on-line optimization; however, in the case of extremely high combined uncertainty, the on-line optimization outperforms the agent-based approach.