地铁列车通过隧道时的气动性能研究

列车通过隧道时引起的空气动力效应会对列车运行的安全性、乘客乘坐的舒适性等产生不良影响。基于列车空气动力学理论,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对某型号地铁车辆通过最不利长度隧道时的空气动力学性能进行数值模拟,得到并分析了地铁列车和隧道壁面监测点的压力时程曲线和分布特征。研究表明:车体表面压力峰峰值、3 s内车内压力波动最大值及隧道内附属物压力峰峰值,与列车速度的平方近似成线性关系;隧道断面净空面积越小,车体承受的压力越大;地铁列车通过隧道时需限速,以达到人体舒适性评价标准。     

The Size Effects on Process Design of Micro Deep Drawing

This paper suggested to reformulate cylindrical deep drawing parameters with dimensionless form. A diagram, in which a feasible zone is drawn to bound both the maximal allowable tension and compression stress during the deep drawing process, was established. Since it is presented in a dimensionless form, it may be applied for both conventional and micro deep drawing. Cylindrical cup deep drawing was taken as an example to show the dimensionless process design method. In addition, the size effects should be taken into account. Two kinds of size effects on micro deep drawing were investigated, which can be explained by surface layer model and strain gradient model. Numerical simulations were carried out to compare the strain distribution with or without consideration of size effect.     

Analytical and simulation approaches to understand combined effects of transit signal priority and road-space priority measures

Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed.     

青藏铁路运营卫生保障阶段效果评价研究

青藏铁路建设期的卫生保障工作取得了显著的成绩,运营期的青藏铁路卫生保障主要以控制高原病的发生和鼠疫的传播为主,铁道部及相关路局采取了一系列综合性卫生保障措施。研究从目标制度管理、职业健康监护、劳动卫生防护、医疗服务管理、站车卫生防疫、卫生档案管理、突发事件处理、监督考核制度八方面阐述运营卫生保障阶段实施效果,从卫生保障投入、卫生保障活动和过程及卫生保障效果层面进行评价并提出相应措施建议。     

水下真空联合堆载预压处理潮间带软基

根据厦门岛西岸线整治工程B标段173m长岸线采用水下真空联合堆载预压处理软土地基的工程实例．介绍真空联合堆载预压在潮间带软基处理工程中的设计、施工、监测及加固效果。通过成功地应用水下真空联合堆载预压技术．并与同等的堆载预压加固方法进行比较．认为该方法具有施工工期短、软基强度增长快、地基沉降量小且造价低的优点．可供类似工程参考。     

城市轨道交通客流增长滞后性与预测方法研究

城市轨道交通客流是确定城市轨道交通建设规模及投资决策的主要依据,然而客流增长速度并不与城市轨道交通建设同步.考虑到城市轨道交通客流增长的滞后性,利用上海城市轨道交通1996-2010年客流与建设数据,基于协整理论建立了向量自回归模型进行城市轨道交通客流预测.研究结果表明:城市轨道交通客流与城市轨道交通网络长度以及连接度存在协整关系;在城市轨道交通建设初期,客流增长对于网络长度具有显著滞后性,随着城市轨道交通系统的完善客流滞后性减弱;2011年上海城市轨道客流预测误差为9.3％.     

OGFC混合料设计参数影响因素研究

近年来有关专家学者对OGFC沥青混合料的物理及力学性能差异性研究较多,但对相应的成型因素对设计参数的影响研究较少。为此,针对OGFC-13混合料成型因素对其性能影响,进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:对改性沥青拌制的OGFC混合料而言,最佳的施工温度应尽量控制在160~180℃之间;采用同一级配时,油石比的变化对马歇尔指标变化也有一定的影响;击实75次是临界值。     

厚卵砾漂石地层注浆止水新型材料注浆效果试验研究

在富水厚卵砾漂石地层中,采用传统的注浆浆液进行止水,浆液极易在地层内大量流失,且注浆后浆液扩散不均、多呈"糖葫芦"状扩散,无法保证注浆效果。针对富水厚卵砾漂石地层的地质特点,针对注浆材料进行一系列室内配比试验,并通过注浆模型试验及现场试验进行卵砾漂石地层的注浆材料研究。试验表明:在厚卵砾漂石地层中,采用2种新型浆液即CD-SCA(水泥+聚羧酸钠盐型分散剂-水玻璃+硫酸铜+明矾)浆液和PC-SCA(磷酸-水玻璃+硫酸铜+明矾)浆液,注浆浆液呈柱状均匀扩散,扩散半径满足设计要求,地层的渗透性明显改善,满足了帷幕止水墙的止水效果,为今后同类地层注浆止水工程施工提供了有效借鉴。     

曲线箱梁剪力滞效应的弹性分析

为准确分析曲线箱梁的受力特点,采用变分法对曲线箱梁的剪力滞效应进行弹性分析,同时考虑弯、扭、剪力滞耦合作用、曲率半径沿梁宽的变化和荷载横向分布等因素的影响,建立了曲线箱梁的总势能的表达式,推导出曲线箱梁的弹性控制微分方程和边界条件,并采用工程中常用的伽辽金法对微分方程进行近似求解。计算结果与有限条法计算结果和已有的试验值进行了对比验证,结果吻合良好,证明该分析方法能较为全面地反映薄壁曲线箱梁真实的力学性能。当曲率半径趋于无穷大时,可得到直线箱梁剪力滞效应的分析结果,因此,也是对直线梁桥剪力滞理论分析作了进一步补充,分析方法具有一定的通用性。     

曲线箱梁桥悬臂施工应力与线形现场测试研究

通过现场监测和数值模拟手段,分析了预应力混凝土曲线箱梁桥悬臂施工过程中的应力和线形变化规律,讨论了曲线箱梁弯扭耦合效应及日照温度梯度对曲线箱梁桥内力和线形的影响。研究结果表明,曲线箱梁两侧翼缘板应力差值、竖向位移差值及箱梁径向位移随着箱梁曲率、墩身高度和悬臂长度的增大而增大;日照温度应力随温度梯度、约束条件和悬臂长度的变化而变化,其量级可能超过结构的活荷载水平,温度对箱梁标高的影响也不容忽视,且温度应力和温度位移具有滞后效应。研究结论可为预应力混凝土曲线箱梁桥的设计和施工提供有益的参考。