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291.
驾驶模拟在交通事故致因理论体系中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过分析交通事故致因理论中各种因素的层次和因果关系,对原有的模型进行了修正,建立了间接因素加上两层直接因素的致因理论体系.驾驶模拟方法在事故致因理论的研究中所用甚少,因此,本文针对上述体系的各个直接因素,提出了利用驾驶模拟器进行致因研究的方法.以研究能见度与驾驶员应急反应行为能力关系的驾驶模拟实验为例,验证了利用驾驶模... 相似文献
292.
通过论述交通基础设施建设项目利用BT方式融资的利弊,为交通建设项目探索新的融资模式提供参考。 相似文献
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按照GB5768-2009和国家高速公路网命名和编号规则,将辽宁省高速公路网进行统一命名和编号,重点描述了高速公路出口预告系列标志及指路标志、命名编号标志等的改造特点。 相似文献
294.
Yun BaiTaesung Hwang Seungmo KangYanfeng Ouyang 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(1):162-175
This research focuses on planning biofuel refinery locations where the total system cost for refinery investment, feedstock and product transportation and public travel is minimized. Shipment routing of both feedstock and product in the biofuel supply chain and the resulting traffic congestion impact are incorporated into the model to decide optimal locations of biofuel refineries. A Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is introduced to obtain near-optimum feasible solutions efficiently. To further improve optimality, a branch-and-bound framework (with linear programming relaxation and Lagrangian relaxation bounding procedures) is developed. Numerical experiments with several testing examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithms solve the problem effectively. An empirical Illinois case study and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effects of highway congestion on refinery location design and total system costs. 相似文献
295.
An extended open system such as traffic flow is said to be convectively unstable if perturbations of the stationary state grow but propagate in only one direction, so they eventually leave the system. By means of data analysis, simulations, and analytical calculations, we give evidence that this concept is relevant for instabilities of congested traffic flow. We analyze detector data from several hundred traffic jams and propose estimates for the linear growth rate, the wavelength, the propagation velocity, and the severity of the associated bottleneck that can be evaluated semi-automatically. Scatter plots of these quantities reveal systematic dependencies. On the theoretical side, we derive, for a wide class of microscopic and macroscopic traffic models, analytical criteria for convective and absolute linear instabilities. Based on the relative positions of the stability limits in the fundamental diagram, we divide these models into five stability classes which uniquely determine the set of possible elementary spatiotemporal patterns in open systems with a bottleneck. Only two classes, both dominated by convective instabilities, are compatible with observations. By means of approximate solutions of convectively unstable systems with sustained localized noise, we show that the observed spatiotemporal phenomena can also be described analytically. The parameters of the analytical expressions can be inferred from observations, and also (analytically) derived from the model equations. 相似文献
296.
Zuduo Zheng Soyoung Ahn Danjue ChenJorge Laval 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(9):1378-1388
In this paper we identify the origins of stop-and-go (or slow-and-go) driving and measure microscopic features of their propagations by analyzing vehicle trajectories via Wavelet Transform. Based on 53 oscillation cases analyzed, we find that oscillations can be originated by either lane-changing maneuvers (LCMs) or car-following (CF) behavior. LCMs were predominantly responsible for oscillation formations in the absence of considerable horizontal or vertical curves, whereas oscillations formed spontaneously near roadside work on an uphill segment. Regardless of the trigger, the features of oscillation propagations were similar in terms of propagation speed, oscillation duration, and amplitude. All observed cases initially exhibited a precursor phase, in which slow-and-go motions were localized. Some of them eventually transitioned into a well-developed phase, in which oscillations propagated upstream in queue. LCMs were primarily responsible for the transition, although some transitions occurred without LCMs. Our findings also suggest that an oscillation has a regressive effect on car-following behavior: a deceleration wave of an oscillation affects a timid driver (characterized by larger response time and/or minimum spacing) to become less timid and an aggressive driver less aggressive, although this change may be short-lived. An extended framework of Newell’s CF model is able to describe the regressive effect with two additional parameters with reasonable accuracy, as verified using vehicle trajectory data. 相似文献
297.
Javier Alonso Vicente Milanés Joshué Pérez Enrique Onieva Carlos González Teresa de Pedro 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》2011,19(6):1095-1110
This article presents a cooperative manoeuvre among three dual mode cars – vehicles equipped with sensors and actuators, and that can be driven either manually or autonomously. One vehicle is driven autonomously and the other two are driven manually. The main objective is to test two decision algorithms for priority conflict resolution at intersections so that a vehicle autonomously driven can take their own decision about crossing an intersection mingling with manually driven cars without the need for infrastructure modifications. To do this, the system needs the position, speeds, and turning intentions of the rest of the cars involved in the manoeuvre. This information is acquired via communications, but other methods are also viable, such as artificial vision. The idea of the experiments was to adjust the speed of the manually driven vehicles to force a situation where all three vehicles arrive at an intersection at the same time. 相似文献
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文章基于现阶段兰州市道路、桥梁交通量情况,对拟建的通渭路黄河大桥设计方案进行了交通影响评价,并探讨了项目建成后可能存在的问题及相应的解决措施。 相似文献