城市道路交通拥挤的经济对策分析——以兰州市西津东路为例

交通拥挤是我国目前社会关注的一个焦点,也是一个世界性难题。文章针对兰州西津东路的交通拥挤问题,从城市交通经济学理论出发,提出综合利月交通供给管理和交通需求管理两种经济手段来解决兰州市西津东路交通拥挤的根本问题。     

Evaluation of green wave policy in real-time railway traffic management

In order to face the expected growth of transport demand in the next years, several new traffic control policies have been proposed and analyzed both to generate timetables and to effectively manage the traffic in real-time. In this paper, a detailed optimization model is used to analyze one such policy, called green wave, which consists in letting trains wait at the stations to avoid speed profile modifications in open corridors. Such policy is expected to be especially effective when the corridors are the bottleneck of the network. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies on the real-time effects of using this policy. To this end, this work shows a comparison of the delays obtained when trains are allowed or not to change their speed profile in open corridors. An extensive computational study is described for two practical dispatching areas of the Dutch railway network.     

Impacts of traffic-flows on vehicular-exhaust emissions at traffic junctions

This paper examines the impact of traffic-flow on CO, NO₂ and PM emissions at two distinct traffic junctions and evaluates the use of emission factors. The study includes three scenarios regarding pollutant emissions, which combine a field, experimental and semi-empirically estimated traffic parameters for free, interrupted and congested traffic-flow conditions. It evaluates the emission patterns for heterogeneity in traffic characteristics of both junctions. The results suggest the corrections to be made to emission factors at traffic junctions for better forecast of air quality.     

基于模糊推理的交通拥堵判别方法

文章从交通量、平均速度、天气条件、前一时段的拥堵状况等与交通拥堵有直接关系的模糊条件入手,根据确定的模糊集合和模糊规则,提出了一种用于交通拥堵判别的模糊推理算法,并利用GPS采集数据对算法进行了验证分析。结果表明,该模糊推理算法能准确判别道路的交通拥堵情况。     

Network impacts of a road capacity reduction: Empirical analysis and model predictions

In spite of their widespread use in policy design and evaluation, relatively little evidence has been reported on how well traffic equilibrium models predict real network impacts. Here we present what we believe to be the first paper that together analyses the explicit impacts on observed route choice of an actual network intervention and compares this with the before-and-after predictions of a network equilibrium model. The analysis is based on the findings of an empirical study of the travel time and route choice impacts of a road capacity reduction. Time-stamped, partial licence plates were recorded across a series of locations, over a period of days both with and without the capacity reduction, and the data were ‘matched’ between locations using special-purpose statistical methods. Hypothesis tests were used to identify statistically significant changes in travel times and route choice, between the periods of days with and without the capacity reduction. A traffic network equilibrium model was then independently applied to the same scenarios, and its predictions compared with the empirical findings. From a comparison of route choice patterns, a particularly influential spatial effect was revealed of the parameter specifying the relative values of distance and travel time assumed in the generalised cost equations. When this parameter was ‘fitted’ to the data without the capacity reduction, the network model broadly predicted the route choice impacts of the capacity reduction, but with other values it was seen to perform poorly. The paper concludes by discussing the wider practical and research implications of the study’s findings.     

城市居住区交通稳静化行为意向研究

本文重点探讨城市居住区交通稳静化问题,对7个居住区拥有机动车和非拥有机动车家庭共计2313人进行了居民区交通影响调查,结果表明：两组人群对居住区内路边停车及行驶的态度差异显著,非拥有组拒绝率明显高于机动车拥有组（P〈0．05）;而对是否限制机动车进入居住区及停放居住区外的稳静化措施两组存在显著差异,拥有组拒绝率明显高于非拥有组（P〈0．05）。     

模糊模式识别在交通量预测模型选择中的应用

本文将模糊模式识别应用于交通规划预测模型的评价．以出行受约束的重力模型与双约束重力模型为例,说明常用的一些检测方法存在的不严密性,并用模糊模式识别方法定量确定预测结果与实际出行量的拟合程度．本文的分析结果能为交通规划预测模型的选择提供可靠的依据,并为预测结果的评价提供新的方法．     

道路平面交叉口车辆违章右转弯行为识别研究

城市道路交叉口场景复杂,流量巨大,是交通事故多发地点。而交叉口处车辆违章转弯是造成事故多发的重要原因之一。因此,研究道路交叉口处违章转弯车辆的检测、跟踪与识别技术对于减少交叉口处的事故发生,提高通行能力和服务水平具有重要的意义。本文利用计算机视频技术,并结合道路交叉口交通信号相位特性以及车道内行车标志线等信息,研究了交叉口处违章右转弯车辆的检测与跟踪算法,给出了违章右转弯行为的判定方法。     

基于道路标线的交通事故现场摄影测量研究

论述了基于普通相机的交通事故现场测量技术基本理论,提出了一种利用道路标线作为标定参考物的新的标定方法,在小波多尺度边缘检测基础上,利用Harris角点提取对图像进行分析处理,对影响摄影测量精度的有关参数进行了简要描述,对一个实际事故现场的部分数据进行了分析,验证了设计的算法。     

基于概率统计模型的公交停靠站车流特征分析

公交停靠站是城市公共交通系统的重要组成部分,公交停靠站不仅关系到公共交通运输的质量和效率,而且影响公共交通的运行质量和城市环境。本文采用人工计数法对哈尔滨市东大直街公交停靠站的公交车到达时间、服务时间、机动车流量进行统计,运用数理统计法整理调查数据,采用概率统计模型拟合了公交车辆到达和服务时间的分布特性,给出了分布拟合函数。