汽车撞行人和骑自行车人事故特征参数对比研究

汽车碰撞行人事故与汽车碰撞骑自行车人事故的某些特点相类似,具有一定的可比性．基于综合人-车-路-环境的交通事故信息模型,对事故再现研究室近年来承担的北京市行人事故和自行车事故鉴定案例资料进行统计分析,根据研究目的和统计样本的实际情况,选取典型的特征参数,将两类事故进行综合对比研究,得出了行人事故和自行车事故的一些相似的发生规律和各自不同的特点,并对统计结果在事故再现及交通安研究方面的应用进行了初步探讨。     

改善我国交通运输企业安全生产状况的对策及建议

本文对目前我国交通运输企业安全状况（主要是1996年-2002年的数据）进行了深入研究,对国内交通运输企业安全生产中存在的问题进行了初步分析,指出了存在的问题,提出了改善我国交通运输企业安全生产状况对策和建议。     

基于普通数码相机的交通事故摄影测量技术及其研究进展

论述了基于普通数码相机的交通事故摄影测量技术的基本理论,提出了相应的关键技术并对其研究现状进行了总结分析。根据交通事故再现分析的需要和基于普通数码相机的事故摄影图像特点,提出了进一步研究的内容和主要方法。     

VTS系统船舶调度优化研究

文中在综合考虑了船舶航行安全因素和航运效率的情况下,采用基于海面能见度、风速、水流、引航和船舶尺度等因子进行加权的方式来评价调度方案,并建立了一个数学模型。验证模型通过调度参数的设定和调整可以得到最佳的调度方案。     

交通灯数字控制系统的电路设计

本文分析了现代交通控制与管理问题的现状,根据城市交通的实际情况,阐述了交通灯数字控制系统的工作原理,给出了一种简单实用的城市交通灯数字控制系统的电路设计方案.     

宁波市常规公交运行特征分析

常规公交作为一体化城市公共交通体系的重要一环,其运行特征是影响乘客出行方式选择以及公交服务质量的重要因素,研究公交运行特征对于进一步增强公共交通的吸引力,提升公共交通服务质量、缓解交通拥堵等方面具有着重要作用。因此,基于公交GPS数据,对宁波市常规公交运行特征进行了分析,研究结果和建议为提升宁波市常规公交运行效率提供了有益参考。     

Four-step travel demand model implementation for estimating traffic volumes on rural low-volume roads in Wyoming

This study develops a four-step travel demand model for estimating traffic volumes for low-volume roads in Wyoming. The study utilizes urban travel behavior parameters and processes modified to reflect the rural and low-volume nature of Wyoming local roads. The methodology disaggregates readily available census block data to create transportation analysis zones adequate for estimating traffic on low-volume rural roads. After building an initial model, the predicted and actual traffic volumes are compared to develop a calibration factor for adjusting trip rates. The adjusted model is verified by comparing estimated and actual traffic volumes for 100 roads. The R-square value from fitting predicted to actual traffic volumes is determined to be 74% whereas the Percent Root Mean Square Error is found to be 50.3%. The prediction accuracy for the four-step travel demand model is found to be better than a regression model developed in a previous study.     

A constraint programming model with time uncertainty for cooperative flight departures

The lack of a proper integration of strategic Air Traffic Management decision support tools with tactical Air Traffic Control interventions usually generates a negative impact on the Reference Business Trajectory adherence, and in consequence affects the potential of the Trajectory-Based Operations framework. In this paper, a new mechanism relaying on Reference Business Trajectories as a source of data to reduce the amount of Air Traffic Controller interventions at the tactical level while preserving Air Traffic Flow Management planned operations is presented. Artificial Intelligence can enable Constraint Programming as it is a powerful paradigm for solving complex, combinatorial search problems. The proposed methodology takes advantage of Constraint Programming and fosters adherence of Airspace User’s trajectory preferences by identifying tight interdependencies between trajectories and introducing a new mechanism to improve the aircraft separation at concurrence events considering time uncertainty. The underlying philosophy is to capitalize present degrees of freedom between layered Air Traffic Management planning tools, when sequencing departures at the airports by considering the benefits of small time stamp changes in the assigned Calculated Take-Off Time departures and to enhance Trajectory-Based Operations concepts.     

Effects of low speed limits on freeway traffic flow

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in Variable Speed Limit (VSL) strategies. New opportunities for VSL as a freeway metering mechanism or a homogenization scheme to reduce speed differences and lane changing maneuvers are being explored. This paper examines both the macroscopic and microscopic effects of different speed limits on a traffic stream, especially when adopting low speed limits. To that end, data from a VSL experiment carried out on a freeway in Spain are used. Data include vehicle counts, speeds and occupancy per lane, as well as lane changing rates for three days, each with a different fixed speed limit (80 km/h, 60 km/h, and 40 km/h). Results reveal some of the mechanisms through which VSL affects traffic performance, specifically the flow and speed distribution across lanes, as well as the ensuing lane changing maneuvers. It is confirmed that the lower the speed limit, the higher the occupancy to achieve a given flow. This result has been observed even for relatively high flows and low speed limits. For instance, a stable flow of 1942 veh/h/lane has been measured with the 40 km/h speed limit in force. The corresponding occupancy was 33%, doubling the typical occupancy for this flow in the absence of speed limits. This means that VSL strategies aiming to restrict the mainline flow on a freeway by using low speed limits will need to be applied carefully, avoiding conditions as the ones presented here, where speed limits have a reduced ability to limit flows. On the other hand, VSL strategies trying to get the most from the increased vehicle storage capacity of freeways under low speed limits might be rather promising. Additionally, results show that lower speed limits increase the speed differences across lanes for moderate demands. This, in turn, also increases the lane changing rate. This means that VSL strategies aiming to homogenize traffic and reduce lane changing activity might not be successful when adopting such low speed limits. In contrast, lower speed limits widen the range of flows under uniform lane flow distributions, so that, even for moderate to low demands, the under-utilization of any lane is avoided. These findings are useful for the development of better traffic models that are able to emulate these effects. Moreover, they are crucial for the implementation and assessment of VSL strategies and other traffic control algorithms.