基于数据仓库的交通信息发布系统

针对交通管理系统中普遍存在的信息资源孤立和浪费问题,提出了基于数据仓库的信息整合和数据挖掘的交通信息发布系统,重点阐述了系统目标、系统构架方案,以及整个系统实现和功能分析。     

Development of probabilistic pedestrian fatality model for characterizing pedestrian-vehicle collisions

Pedestrian-related accidents are considered to be the most serious of traffic accidents due to the associated high fatality rates. In Korea, pedestrian fatalities accounted for approximately 40% of all traffic-related fatalities in 2004. Significant efforts have been made to develop effective countermeasures for pedestrian-vehicle collisions. A basis for devising such countermeasures is to understand the characteristics of pedestrian-vehicle collisions. This study develops a pedestrian fatality model capable of predicting the probability of fatality in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Binary logistic regression and a probabilistic neural network (PNN) are employed to estimate the probability of pedestrian fatality. Pedestrian age, vehicle type and collision speed are used as independent variables of the fatality model. The models developed herein are valuable tools that can be used to direct safety policies and technologies associated with pedestrian safety.     

对机动车灯光检测、计算机软件应用的分析

在汽车综合性能检测中存在着一些共性的技术问题,影响着汽车综合性能检测工作的顺利开展。针对这些技术问题,对其产生的原因进行了分析,然后提出了解决问题的办法与建议。     

快速公交(BRT)智能系统框架结构研究

以智能交通系统（ITS）为研究背景,针对快速公交系统的运营模式及主要特征,提出了适合我国公交现状的快速公交智能系统框架结构,同时对智能系统进行了较为翔实的分析和设计。     

Existence of urban-scale macroscopic fundamental diagrams: Some experimental findings

A field experiment in Yokohama (Japan) reveals that a macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) linking space-mean flow, density and speed exists on a large urban area. The experiment used a combination of fixed detectors and floating vehicle probes as sensors. It was observed that when the somewhat chaotic scatter-plots of speed vs. density from individual fixed detectors were aggregated the scatter nearly disappeared and points grouped neatly along a smoothly declining curve. This evidence suggests, but does not prove, that an MFD exists for the complete network because the fixed detectors only measure conditions in their proximity, which may not represent the whole network. Therefore, the analysis was enriched with data from GPS-equipped taxis, which covered the entire network. The new data were filtered to ensure that only full-taxi trips (i.e., representative of automobile trips) were retained in the sample. The space-mean speeds and densities at different times-of-day were then estimated for the whole study area using relevant parts of the detector and taxi data sets. These estimates were still found to lie close to a smoothly declining curve with deviations smaller than those of individual links – and entirely explained by experimental error. The analysis also revealed a fixed relation between the space-mean flows on the whole network, which are easy to estimate given the existence of an MFD, and the trip completion rates, which dynamically measure accessibility.     

A reverse causal-effect modeling approach for signal control of an oversaturated intersection

A novel approach is presented in which signalized intersections are treated as normal highway bottlenecks for improved computational efficiency. It is unique in two ways. First, it treats the signalized intersections as common freeway bottlenecks by a reversed cause and effect modeling approach. Both traffic arrivals and departures are modeled by smooth continuous functions of time as if there were no interruptions to traffic flows from signals. The use of smooth continuous functions for departure curves instead of commonly used step functions makes it easy to apply differential calculus in optimization and future extension to a system of intersections. Second, a dynamic linear programming (LP) model is then developed to maximize the total vehicular output from the intersection during the entire period of congestion subject to prevailing capacity and other operational constraints. The continuous optimal departure flow rate (the effect) is then converted to signal timing parameters (the cause) that can be readily implemented. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the properties of the proposed algorithm and examine its performance.     

The effect of the London congestion charge on road casualties: an intervention analysis

The introduction of the congestion charge in central London on the 17th of February, 2003, led to a reduction in congestion. One factor that has not been fully analysed is the impact of the congestion charge on traffic casualties in London. Less car travel within the charging zone may result in fewer traffic collisions, however, as the number of pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists increased after the introduction of the congestion charge, the number of traffic casualties associated with these groups may also have increased. Reductions in congestion can also lead to faster speeds. Therefore, there could be increases in injury severity for those crashes that do occur. An intervention analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the congestion charge on traffic casualties for motorists, pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, both within the charging zone and in areas of London outside the zone. This was done for killed and serious injuries (known as KSI in British terminology) and for slight injuries to examine whether there were any shifts in severity outcomes. Our results suggest no statistically significant effect for total casualties in London, but within the charging zone there has been a statistically significant drop in motorist casualties, and possibly an increase in cyclist casualties. There is an associated effect of an increase in casualties of motorcyclists and cyclists in some areas outside the charging zone, suggesting that changes in the design of the congestion charge may be needed to achieve reductions in casualties.

An alternative model in traffic flow equations

The kinetic theory for traffic flow equations can be approached using the Grad’s method. This method, which is derived from the kinetic gas theory, was developed for the Paveri-Fontana equation when a special desired velocity model is assumed. A closure relation for the set of macroscopic equations is found when the density, the average velocity and the velocity variance are the relevant variables chosen to describe the system. Simulation results are also shown and a qualitative comparison with other models in the literature is presented.     

基于交通控制与诱导的准动态交通分配策略与算法研究

交通出行诱导系统下的路网动态交通分配是进行交通出行诱导方案分析、评价的基础。本文主要考虑交通控制与诱导信息对路段阻抗的影响和出行者对交通诱导信息的接受程度,给出了两种准动态交通分配的策略：修改了出行路径阻抗和改变了出行路径选择。并基于常规非平衡交通分配,通过OD需求量“全有全无”方法,实现了OD变需求影响下的多时段连续准动态交通分配。最后,通过示例路网,验证了所研究的分配策略与算法的正确性。     

交通事故车速分析理论方法的研究进展

结合近年来的理论与实践研究经验和积累,对交通事故车速分析方法的国内外研究发展状况进行了综述。作者将几种典型的理论方法进行比较,提出了交通事故车速分析涉及的主要难点和问题并加以探讨。作者论述了先进数学理论、计算机模拟等方法及人体损伤等痕迹信息在交通事故车速分析中的应用进展,提出了今后的发展方向。