多端点不成对机车周转图模型与算法

针对不成对列车运行图编制,在考虑最优性的要求条件下,本文提出适用于多端点不成对机车周转图的实用三步算法,即,首先确定机车交路成对时部分初始解,再分别确定每一个尚未匹配到达车次初始附挂方案,最后进行结果优化．文末提供一个算例,算例证明算法有效。     

应答器报文在CTCS中的定义与应用

列车运行控制系统的应用已经比较普遍,各种速度的铁路都有运用,但在高速铁路上的应用更能显示出其高水平和具有代表性。高速铁路正在欧洲和亚洲快速发展,已通车或正在建设中的高速线路多达十几条,这对于推动一个国家的经济发展有着深刻的影响。尽管各高速铁路采用的列车运行控制系统都不尽相同,但它们却有着基本相似的工作原理,扼要阐述列控中心的工作原理,并对高速列车运行的控制信息——报文做进一步举例说明。     

The effect of attitudes toward cars and public transportation on behavioral intention in commuting mode choice—A comparison across six Asian countries

This study investigated the contribution of psychological factors in explaining the choice of transportation mode in six Asian countries. Data were collected from 1118 respondents in Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The dependent variable was the intention to use one of three modes for work travel after getting a job: car, public transit, or other modes. The explanatory variables were three attitude factors taken from a previous study, including: 1/symbolic affective, reflecting affective motives of travel mode use; 2/instrumental, referring to functional attributes of travel modes; and 3/social orderliness which represents for environmental friendliness, safety, altruism, quietness et cetera. Several logit model estimates were made using the samples from the six countries separately and together. We obtained three main findings. First, attitude variables about the car were all significant determinants for the entire sample from Asian countries. Second, the social orderliness aspect of public transit was a common concern of respondents from developing countries in selecting this mode for work trips. Third, in countries in which the intent to use a car was not very high, attitude factors about the car were found to be significant determinants of the behavioral intention to commute by car but were less significant in countries in which the desire to use a car was high.     

CTC系统内部UPS电源切换电路改进方案

CTC系统内部UPS电源切换易产生瞬间冲击电流过大，引发电源屏内部CTC电源模块出现过载保护，CTC系统断电出现黑屏等问题。通过对CTC系统内部UPS电源切换电路进行改进，有效确保CTC系统设备运用安全稳定。     

Multi-objective optimization of train routing problem combined with train scheduling on a high-speed railway network

Based on train scheduling, this paper puts forward a multi-objective optimization model for train routing on high-speed railway network, which can offer an important reference for train plan to provide a better service. The model does not only consider the average travel time of trains, but also take the energy consumption and the user satisfaction into account. Based on this model, an improved GA is designed to solve the train routing problem. The simulation results demonstrate that the accurate algorithm is suitable for a small-scale network, while the improved genetic algorithm based on train control (GATC) applies to a large-scale network. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters is performed to obtain the ideal parameters; a perturbation analysis shows that the proposed method can quickly handle the train disturbance.     

适用于我国Ⅲ、Ⅳ级铁路的列控系统

我国Ⅲ、Ⅳ级铁路有配备列控系统的需求.ITCS和ERTMS Regional是适合Ⅲ、Ⅳ级铁路的2种列控系统,介绍了它们的结构和功能特点.     

Modelling parking choices considering user heterogeneity

We examine car driver’s behaviour when choosing a parking place; the alternatives available are free on-street parking, paid on-street parking and parking in an underground multi-storey car park. A mixed logit model, allowing for correlation between random taste parameters and estimated using stated choice data, is used to infer values of time, both when looking for a parking space and for accessing the final destination. Apart from the cost of parking, we found that vehicle age was a key variable when choosing where to park in Spain. We also found that the perception of the parking charge was fairly heterogeneous, depending both on the drivers’ income levels and whether or not they were local residents. Our results can be generalised for personalised policy making related with parking demand management.     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

浅谈公路环评解译工作中遥感影像的选择

对目前公路环评解译工作中常用的TM、SPOT5、QUICK BIRD等影像在分辨率、波谱特征和经济性等方面进行了对比,得知TM影像在分辨率、波谱特性、价格方面均满足公路环评工作的需要,是适合公路环评工作的卫星影像。并以神池至河曲高速公路所在地区的TM影像为例,运用Chavezetal提出的最佳指数法得到了该区域解译的最优波段组合。     

Port privatization under Cournot vs. Bertrand competition: a third-market approach

By incorporating port competition into a third-market model consisting of two exporting firms and one importing country, we demonstrate the endogenous choice of port structures (i.e. privatization or public ownership) under either Bertrand or Cournot competition. In contrast to previous studies on port competition, we analyze the port strategy in view of all trading countries (i.e. importing country and exporting countries). We find that regardless of transport cost, the port ownership strategy alters according to exporting firm’s competition mode. Under Bertrand competition, the choice of port ownership structure depends on the degree of imperfect substitutability. However, under Cournot competition, all trading countries choose same ownership structures of each port. By comparing equilibrium of each competition mode, we show that welfare of exporting country under Cournot competition is higher than under Bertrand competition if goods are sufficiently substitutes. In contrast, importing country prefers Bertrand competition to Cournot competition when the competitive pressure is sufficiently high.