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71.
基于期权理论的铁路货运定价模型 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了规避铁路运输企业和协议客户在市场价格波动情况下所面临的风险,在铁路货运的定价过程中引入期权的概念,利用二叉树模型为期权定价,在此基础上构建了基于铁路运输企业和协议客户收益最大条件下的铁路货运定价模型。研究结果表明:通过铁路运输企业和协议客户的最优定价决策可以求得铁路运输企业制定的协议价格和协议客户的期权购买量;协议价格与现货市场价格正相关,与铁路运输企业的长期准备成本正相关、短期准备成本负相关;随着期权价格和期权执行价格的升高,协议客户在契约市场所购买的期权数量逐渐减少。 相似文献
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73.
阐明在第108界广交会(中国进出口商品交易会)举办期间,大客流对广州地铁的运营组织造成巨大压力,在对地铁客流进行预测和分析的基础上,提出在广交会举办期间客运组织的5项对策和行车组织的4项对策.实践证明,该方案为广交会的成功举办提供了坚实的后勤保障和优质的服务. 相似文献
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76.
AMT换挡品质的研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)具有传动效率高、结构紧凑及工作可靠等优点。介绍了AMT换挡品质的定义及其影响因素,分析了几种影响因素之间的内在关系,并在此理论基础上寻求一种可获得最佳AMT换挡品质的方法。AMT按照其对发动机控制方式的不同,可分为柔性控制和刚性控制结构。 相似文献
77.
In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits. 相似文献
78.
Bus Priority Using pre-signals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling. 相似文献
79.
车辆折算系数的分类及算法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
提出了标准车的选择原则:车长等于约定的长度;当交通流密度很小时,以道路设计速度行驶;驾驶员遵守交通规则。定义了微观车辆折算系数:交通流全部由标准车组成时的流量与交通流全部由某种车组成时的流量之比。定义了聚类车辆折算系数:组成该类车型的所有自然车的微观折算系数与组成比例的乘积之和。定义了宏观车辆折算系数:组成混合交通流的所有自然车的微观折算系数与组成比例的乘积之和。计算了这三种车辆折算系数。 相似文献
80.
This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application. 相似文献