基于AHP-DEMATEL的高铁枢纽换乘效率关键因素研究

为了找出影响高铁枢纽换乘效率关键因素,科学合理高铁枢纽布局,提出一种基于AHPDEMATEL组合评价方法。以高铁枢纽为评价对象,通过构建具有层次结构的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标初始权重,决策与试验评价实验室法(DEMATEL)求得各评价指标影响度、被影响度、中心度,从而确定各指标综合影响度。研究结果表明:其他交通衔接性、通道便捷性、设施供给度、枢纽组织有序度、停车场供需比、平均换乘时间、平均换乘距离、单位时间换乘量、绕行系数是影响高铁枢纽换乘效率的关键因素。     

弹塑性变形中的弹性效应

由于数学上的困难,弹塑性问题分析中一般忽略弹性变形.而且,求解时对本构方程的一些简化方法如不可压缩假设等被广泛采用.本文分析了一种比拟解答的优点和其在某些方面的改进,并以平面应变下的弹塑性单元体为例,详细计算和分析了不同应力状态下弹塑性变形过程中的弹性效应.     

A fine discrete field cellular automaton for pedestrian dynamics integrating pedestrian heterogeneity,anisotropy, and time-dependent characteristics

This paper proposes a discrete field cellular automaton (CA) model that integrates pedestrian heterogeneity, anisotropy, and time-dependent characteristics. The pedestrian movement direction, moving/staying, and steering are governed by the transfer equations. Compared with existing studies on fine-discretized CA models, the proposed model is advantageous in terms of flexibility, higher spatial accuracy, wider speed range, relatively low computational cost, and elaborated conflict resolution with synchronous update scheme. Three different application scenarios are created by adjusting the definite conditions of the model: (1) The first one is a unidirectional pedestrian movement in a channel, where a complete jam in the high-density region is observed from the proposed model, which is missing from existing floor field CA models. (2) The second one is evacuation from a room, where the evacuation time is independent of the discretization factor, which is different from previous work. (3) The third one is an ascending evacuation through a 21-storey stair system, where pedestrians move with constant speed or with fatigue. The evacuation time in the latter case is nearly twice of that in the former.     

Congestion spill effects of Heathrow and Frankfurt airports on connection traffic in European and Gulf hub airports

We develop two stage fixed-effects single-spill and double-spill models for congestion connection spills of London Heathrow and Frankfurt airports on 9 hub airports in Europe and the Gulf. Our panel data covers connection traffic from 1997 to 2013 for Heathrow and 1997 to 2011 for Frankfurt. The single-spill results support strongly that the connection spills from Heathrow’s capacity limitations do strengthen competing hub airports of major alliance groups and to a lesser degree one Gulf hub. The double-spill model for Heathrow and Frankfurt shows nearly asymmetric overall spill characteristics between the two airports. Our results underline the influence of airline network strategies on congestion spills as European airline networks are shaped by alliances and umbrella mergers. Thus, the airline network perspective in airport capacity expansion decisions needs to play a greater role, as indicated by our asymmetric results for overall spill effects between Heathrow and Frankfurt airports.     

Examining the effects of the built environment and residential self-selection on commuting trips and the related CO2 emissions: An empirical study in Guangzhou,China

Numerous studies have established the link between the built environment and travel behavior. However, fewer studies have focused on environmental costs of travel (such as CO₂ emissions) with respect to residential self-selection. Combined with the application of TIQS (Travel Intelligent Query System), this study develops a structural equations model (SEM) to examine the effects of the built environment and residential self-selection on commuting trips and their related CO₂ emissions using data from 2015 in Guangzhou, China. The results demonstrate that the effect of residential self-selection also exists in Chinese cities, influencing residents’ choice of living environments and ultimately affecting their commute trip CO₂ emissions. After controlling for the effect of residential self-selection, built environment variables still have significant effects on CO₂ emissions from commuting although some are indirect effects that work through mediating variables (car ownership and commuting trip distance). Specifically, CO₂ emissions are negatively affected by land-use mix, residential density, metro station density and road network density. Conversely, bus stop density, distance to city centers and parking availability near the workplace have positive effects on CO₂ emissions. To promote low carbon travel, intervention on the built environment would be effective and necessary.     

基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果数值预报

针对节能装置节能效果的预报仍然依赖模型试验,数值预报方法对节能效果的预报存在较多困难的问题,提出了一种基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果的数值预报方法。首先,研究了整体求解船-桨-舵相互干扰的水动力性能数值计算方法,计算结果与试验值的比较显示,该数值计算方法具有较好的计算精度。然后,采用上述方法预报了船-桨-舵-整流鳍相互干扰的水动力性能,通过比较有整流鳍和无整流鳍两种情况下,螺旋桨吸收单位转矩所发出的推力,分析了整流鳍的节能效果,得到了节能效果较优的整流鳍,其综合节能效果可达2.78%,从而为船舶节能装置的节能效果预报提供了一种适用的理论研究方法。     

基于自适应迭代学习控制的工作艇收放装置主动减摆策略研究

工作艇收放装置主要用于完成快速、安全地将舰船上的小艇及人员移至水面,或安全回收工作艇至舰船上等海上任务。针对这一典型的欠驱动机械系统,采用拉格朗日方程的方法建立其动力学模型。根据舰船在海上的实际运动情况,对系统的二维动力学模型进行描述,分析小艇摇摆的二维平面摆角,研究其在船体运动影响下的变化情况。然后在上述非线性动力学模型的基础上,针对系统的摆动部分,为其设计自适应迭代控制闭环控制器,达到消摆的目的。最后,仿真结果证明了此控制方法的有效性。     

Focusing of Spherical Nonlinear Pulses for Nonlinear Wave Equations Ⅲ. Subcritical Case

IntroductionConsider the following initial value problem inR1++3={t>0, x∈R3}: ( t2-Δx)ε+ F1( tε p1-1 t+ε), tθε q1-1 tθε) = 0( t2- 4Δx)θε+ F2( tε p2-1 tε, tθε q2-1 tθε) = 0ε t=0=εJ+1U0r,r -ε r0 tε t=0=εJU1r,r -ε r0θε t=0=εJ+1V0r,r -ε 2r0 tθε t=0=εJV1r,r -ε 2r0(1)where r= x with x=(x1,x2,x3)∈R3, r0>0,and 1相似文献   

一种采用输移浓度为主要参数的泥石流流量计算新方法

根据沟床水力条件对泥石流浓度的调节作用和泥石流浆体浓度对沟槽输移能力所具有的重要影响。建立了由流域产沙条件来估计浆体浓度，再由沟槽输移浓度来确定泥石流流量的新方法。经过比检验。计算流量与形态调查流量相近，平均相对误差为－６．９％，最大相对误差为－１４％。     

一种转印新工艺在贴花上的应用

考虑到摩托车的使用方式和使用环境，要求转印贴花必须具有耐久性、耐腐蚀及耐汽油性，因而油墨的选择及印刷过程控制与原转印工艺要求存在较大不同，同时水转印工艺的粘贴过程与现行贴花粘贴工艺过程也存在差异。经与转印生产厂家的进一步协调，按照现行喷漆及粘贴工艺对水转印工艺作适应性改进和提高，做出的成品外观相对于传统工艺有了质的改变，现阶段正在做耐久性实验，相信不久，中国摩托车贴花将以新的面孔面市。