对发挥铁路运输企业计量技术机构职能作用的几点思考

在分析铁路计量技术机构职能定位的基础上,从树立“大计量”的观念;实现重心转移,追踪运输生产过程质量监测;巩固计量“溯源”体系,确立在铁路运输各专业检测监控的“源头”地位等3个方面,论述发挥计量技术机构在铁路运输业综合技术监督体系中的“溯源”作用。     

The development of the TIGRIS XL model: A bottom-up approach to transport, land-use and the economy

The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. Transport models are generally available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing and labour market, by modelling changes in the spatial distribution of jobs and residents. This paper describes the current TIGRIS XL model and how it can be applied in the evaluation of transport projects. It refers to work done with the TIGRIS XL model to improve the calculation of the direct benefits by applying the so-called ‘logsum’ method. Finally it discusses ideas on how to extend the TIGRIS XL model to address indirect generative effects as well.The current TIGRIS XL model, its integration with the National Model System (the standard tool for the Dutch government to analyse the effects on passenger transport) and basic design principles are the starting point of such an exploration. These design principles include:

•

an emphasis on detail, both spatial as well as in socio-economic segments, to account for differences in the availability of choice alternatives and in choice behaviour, and to provide impacts by region and socio-economic group;

•

the requirement that the relationships used rest on an empirical foundation.

The post-processing methods proposed on this paper for the calculation of the direct benefits and indirect generative effects are consistent with these design principles. To calculate the indirect generative effects, a post-processing module is proposed which transforms changes in travel times and land-use into agglomeration effects. These agglomeration effects combine several of the generative effects, like scale economies, an increasing variety of products, labour market matches and knowledge spill-over. The effects of changes in the agglomeration indicator on productivity can be estimated with existing data sources, as was demonstrated in the UK (Graham, 2005).     

An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

关于铁路保价运输赔偿法律适用的思考

阐述目前对铁路保价运输赔偿的相关法律、法规的规定,分析由于相关法规冲突导致司法实践中出现的赔偿标准不一、影响司法的统一性、权利救济不及时并造成司法资源的浪费等现象,介绍国外保价运输的立法情况,提出解决铁路保价运输赔偿问题的具体思路。     

高端线材铁路运输装载防护实践

铁路运输线材采用的运输装载加固方式不当会导致产品外包装破损,甚至线材产品表面划伤,严重影响高端线材产品的工厂使用,针对帘线钢盘条铁路运输装载防护问题进行了研究,对现有运输中产品外包装形式、端面侧面防护及加固材料等提出相应的解决方案,以满足更多钢铁高端线材铁路运输安全、稳定、高效的需求。     

美国铁路煤炭运输

介绍美国铁路煤炭运输的发展概况与产销特点：煤炭资源丰富,产地集中,消费的地域集中度不高,但其产业集中度很高。煤炭运输的产销特点决定了美国铁路煤炭的运输组织方式以单元列车为主,技术装备配置以煤炭客户自备车为主。其煤炭运价分为公布运价和合同运价,当燃油价格超过基准价格时,美国铁路运输公司收取燃油附加费。由于煤炭运输市场竞争充分,煤炭供求双方具备强大的市场谈判能力,因此美国铁路煤炭运输的收入率较低。     

提高云支线运输效率的对策

大同车务段云支线各装车站是大秦线的主要装车基地,通过对云支线运输效率影响因素的分析,针对存在的通过能力不足、机车运用效率不高、装车设备不配套、列车到达不均衡等问题,提出修建云岗—云岗西双线铁路,提高机车运用效率,改变装车作业方式和合理安排机车运用等对策,满足云支线运量增长的需要,确保大秦线完成运输任务。     

渤海湾与欧盟地区客滚运输安全的比较与启示

客滚运输发展迅猛并将继续保持良好的态势。近年来,客滚船舶安全工作取得了长足的进步,如何实现客滚运输安全的长期稳定、不断探索客滚船安全管理空间显得更加迫切。本文结合欧盟地区我渤海湾在区关于客滚船安全管理的简要历程,提出了引进智力,开展渤海湾和欧盟地区客滚船安全营运比较研究及客滚船安全评估等建议。     

关于上海公交体制改革的几点建议

在改革推进中,上海在公交管理体制、运营机制、服务质量方面得到不断提升。随着上海城市社会、经济的快速发展,2010年上海世博会的召开以及居民出行要求的日益提高,上海市公交系统面临新的挑战,由此提出了进一步深化公交体制改革的要求。对于上海这一轮的公交体制改革,从改革的目的、改革的方式方法、改革的配套措施等方面提出了几点建议。