基于城市交通流自组织性的UTCS与UTFGS协同理论分析

以协同学理论框架分析城市交通流系统的自组织演化,对UTCS与UTFGS役使城市交通流系统自组织有序化进行分析。在分析城市交通流、UTCS与UTFGS的时空特性及两者关联关系的基础上,从子系统功能整合与功能互补的角度,提出UTCS与UTFGS协同研究体系结构和3项主要内容:信息协同、策略协同和协同实施,为UTCS与UTFGS协同的具体研究与实际应用提供理论指导。     

高等级公路综合管理系统框架体系研究

研究了高等级公路综合管理系统（IMS）框架与国家智能运输系统体系框架关系，明确了IMS的用户包括驾驶员、乘客、行人、高等级公路设施管理部门、设施维护部门、交通管理部门、公安部门、消防部门、急救中心和政府、规划部门等相关团体。高等级公路综合管理系统框架体系分为6个功能域，即交通监控、紧急事件与安全管理、收费管理、出行者信息服务、先进的设施建设与维护、数据管理等，文章分析了6个功能域各自的系统功能、子功能为实现功能的过程。文章还提出了采用伪码语言描述功能实现的过程的方法，最后对综合管理系统所涉及的数据字典进行了分析。     

基于ATIS下的OD矩阵估计

利用ATIS收集的信息,通过广义最小二乘模型,建立了一种新的OD矩阵估计方法。新方法利用ATIS能得到装有GPS车辆的路段选择比例矩阵,据此可推出网络中全部车辆的路段选择比例矩阵的期望值,克服了传统方法采集数据难、数据精度低等缺陷。新方法能获得实时可靠的数据,能对OD矩阵进行实时更新,从而增强了数据的实效性。在对新方法解的有关性质进行分析的基础上,给出了相应的求解算法,得出新方法的目标函数局部最优解是全局最优解,目标函数的解不唯一,但OD估计量唯一。数值仿真表明新算法非常有效,与传统方法相比,新方法是一种精度高、可靠性强的估计方法。     

公路客运线路发班站点的定量优选

公路旅客运输在综合客运体系中的地位不断加强,而公路旅客运输组织方法却停步不前,仍主要依靠实际经验进行,已暴露出其明显的不合理性和不科学性.针对目前公路客运发展趋势对专业性理论指导的崭新要求,文章对公路客运线路发班车站的组织方案进行了优化研究,提出了综合相对无效费用的概念,建立了总体优化模型,给出了具体求解策略和应用实例,并在某主枢纽城市得到了实际有效运用.     

提高铁路货运安全防范能力的对策

从货运作业过程、货运安全管理体系、货运职工队伍素质、货运外部环境方面分析铁路货运安全现状。提出加强作业过程控制,加大货运安全基础设施投入;运用现代化管理手段,推进货运安全基础五大系统建设;加强专业技术培训,优化专业技术队伍建设;加强与公安机关的合作,创造货运安全防范的良好环境等提高铁路货运安全防范能力的对策。     

基于虚拟仪器的输水管路泄漏检测系统

讨论了一种基于虚拟仪器的输水管路泄漏检测系统的设计和实现。重点介绍了泄漏检测系统的泄漏定位方法、硬件设计和在LabVIEW环境下的软件模块化设计。对于突发的输水管路泄漏 ,综合运用了包括小波分析在内的多种信号处理方法 ,能够及时准确地定位泄漏点。实践证明 ,这种基于虚拟仪器的输水管路泄漏检测系统具有很强的灵活性和可扩展性     

铁路行包装运方案编制方法的研究

根据铁路行包办理站行李车日装车计划编制流程,结合中国铁路行包运输实际情况,以车次准装区段限制、行包办理站办理限制、行包作业接续时间标准等为约束条件,给出基于行包发站和到站坐标位置网格图的行包运输径路快速算法,按照先行包直达、后1次中转和2次中转的行包装运方案编制思想,给出了多层据篮式分缀筛选的铁路行包办理站装运方案编制方法.运用结果验证了方法的有效性和实用性,能够提高铁路行包运输组织的水平和运输管理质量,并且实现了铁路行包运输装运方案和日装车计划的计算机编制.     

Long-term impacts of transport infrastructure networks on land-use change: an international review of empirical studies

Improvements in geographical information systems, the wider availability of high-resolution digital data and more sophisticated econometric techniques have all contributed to increasing academic interest and activity in long-term impacts of transport infrastructure networks (TINs) on land use (LU). This paper provides a systematic review of recent empirical evidence from the USA, Europe and East Asia, classified regarding the type of transport infrastructure (road or rail), LU indicator (land cover, population or employment density, development type) and outcome (significance, relationship’s direction) as well as influential exogenous factors. Proximity to the rail network is generally associated with population growth (particularly soon after the development of railway infrastructure), conversion to residential uses and the development of higher residential densities. Meanwhile, proximity to the road network is frequently associated with increases in employment densities as well as the conversion of land to a variety of urban uses including commercial and industrial development. Compared with road infrastructure, the impact of rail infrastructure is often less significant for land cover or population and employment density change. The extent of TINs’ impact on LU over time can be explained by the saturation in TIN-related accessibility and LU development.     

Urban Space Distribution and Sustainable Transport

In many cities of the world, road space is increasingly contested. Growing vehicle numbers, traffic calming and the development of new infrastructure for more sustainable transport modes such as bicycles have all contributed to pressure on available space and conflicts over the allocation of space. This paper provides the first assessment of urban transport infrastructure space distribution, distinguishing motorized individual transport, public transport, cycling and walking. To calculate area allocation, an assessment methodology was developed using high-resolution digital satellite images in combination with a geographical information system to derive area measurements. This methodology was applied to four distinctly different city quarters in Freiburg, Germany. Results indicate that space is unevenly distributed, with motorized individual transport being the favoured transport mode. Findings also show that if trip number to space allocation ratios are calculated, one of the most sustainable transport modes, the bicycle, is the most disadvantaged. This suggests that area allocation deserves greater attention in the planning and implementation of more sustainable urban transport designs.     

A Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS)‐based lane‐changing advisory for weaving sections

Weaving sections, a common design of motorways, require extensive lane‐change manoeuvres. Numerous studies have found that drivers tend to make their lane changes as soon as they enter the weaving section, as the traffic volume increases. Congestion builds up as a result of this high lane‐changing concentration. Importantly, such congestion also limits the use of existing infrastructure, the weaving section downstream. This behaviour thus affects both safety and operational aspects. The potential tool for managing motorways effectively and efficiently is cooperative intelligent transport systems (C‐ITS). This research investigates a lane‐change distribution advisory application based on C‐ITS for weaving vehicles in weaving sections. The objective of this research is to alleviate the lane‐changing concentration problem by coordinating weaving vehicles to ensure that such lane‐changing activities are evenly distributed over the existing weaving length. This is achieved by sending individual messages to drivers based on their location to advise them when to start their lane change. The research applied a microscopic simulation in aimsun to evaluate the proposed strategy's effectiveness in a one‐sided ramp weave. The proposed strategy was evaluated using different weaving advisory proportions, traffic demands and penetration rates. The evaluation revealed that the proposed lane‐changing advisory has the potential to significantly improve delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.