Solving the Median Shortest Path Problem in the Planning and Design of Urban Transportation Networks Using a Vector Labeling Algorithm

This paper proposes an alternative algorithm to solve the median shortest path problem (MSPP) in the planning and design of urban transportation networks. The proposed vector labeling algorithm is based on the labeling of each node in terms of a multiple and conflicting vector of objectives which deletes cyclic, infeasible and extreme-dominated paths in the criteria space imposing cyclic break (CB), path cost constraint (PCC) and access cost parameter (ACP) respectively. The output of the algorithm is a set of Pareto optimal paths (POP) with an objective vector from predetermined origin to destination nodes. Thus, this paper formulates an algorithm to identify a non-inferior solution set of POP based on a non-dominated set of objective vectors that leaves the ultimate decision to decision-makers. A numerical experiment is conducted using an artificial transportation network in order to validate and compare results. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and advantageous over existing solutions in terms of computing execution time and memory space used.     

Optimization of road investments based on accessibility criteria using a dynamic programming model

This paper discusses the use of the concept of dynamic programming to the determination of road construction needs using accessibility criteria. An attempt is made to specify political and social goals such as quality of life and equal opportunity as parameters of road dimensioning. The objective of the method which is illustrated by a case study is to determine minimal total costs for various threshold values of conceivable accessibility standards.     

复杂网络在城市公交网络分析中的应用

网络的拓扑结构分为规则网络、随机网络和复杂网络。复杂网络是大量真实复杂系统的拓扑抽象,通过运用复杂网络的研究方法,对城市公交线路网络和公交站点网络进行分析,结合这两个网络的性质讨论城市公交网络的几何性质,得出公交线路网络具有小世界特性所需要满足的条件。研究结果对于优化公交线路具有一定的参考价值。     

基于信号强度和功率损耗的分层网络切换算法

为解决毫微微小区基站布置在宏蜂窝小区中引起的切换问题,提出了一种新的分层网络切换算法.该算法主要基于用户接收的信号强度和信号在传播过程中的功率损耗2个参数进行切换判决.当依据接收的信号强度进行切换判决,且其不能有效工作时,将功率损耗作为辅助判决条件,可提高毫微微小区的利用率和降低算法复杂度.仿真分析结果表明,与传统的切换算法相比,该算法的切换次数增加了1倍;与基于宏基站和毫微微小区基站联合信号强度的切换算法相比,减少了1/2不必要的切换次数.     

事故树在铁路运输液化石油气安全分析中的应用

在分析铁路运输液化石油气途中可能出现危险的基础上,简要介绍事故树分析方法,并利用该方法分析铁路运输液化石油气过程中发生事故的主要原因,编制铁路运输液化石油气事故树,对该事故树进行定性和定量分析,求出其最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度,最后依据分析结果提出预防事故的措施。     

输出端口编码的可扩展快速转发方法

提出了一种基于路由器端口编码的转发方法（OPCF），该方法通过在通信源和目的间预先建立起面向连接的端口编码路径，可直接根据端口编码对数据包进行路由，避免了路由表查询开销，实现了基于显式路由的灵活快速转发，有助于网络服务质量的提高和流量工程的实现．由于不需要路由器存储和管理除路由表外的额外信息，OPCF可获得良好的扩展性．由于可隐藏数据包的IP地址信息，OPCF能有效增强网络通信的安全性．原型系统上的实验结果表明，该方法能实现比MPLS更低的端到端延时并能有效提高网络的吞吐量．     

One manufacturer's approach to improving jet transport fuel efficiency

In the face of rapidly escalating costs of aircraft fuel, since the early 1970s, the aerospace industry has embarked on a program of measures to reduce fuel consumption. This article describes an integrated set of measures which have been undertaken by Lockheed‐California to improve the fuel requirements of the Tristar, a wide‐bodied three engine medium to long range aircraft. Measures include operational changes, improvements to maintenance practices, long term hardware modifications and technological advances.     

Optimization models to characterize the broadcast capacity of vehicular ad hoc networks

Broadcast capacity of the entire network is one of the fundamental properties of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It measures how efficiently the information can be transmitted in the network and usually it is limited by the interference between the concurrent transmissions in the physical layer of the network. This study defines the broadcast capacity of vehicular ad hoc network as the maximum successful concurrent transmissions. In other words, we measure the maximum number of packets which can be transmitted in a VANET simultaneously, which characterizes how fast a new message such as a traffic incident can be transmitted in a VANET. Integer programming (IP) models are first developed to explore the maximum number of successful receiving nodes as well as the maximum number of transmitting nodes in a VANET. The models embed an traffic flow model in the optimization problem. Since IP model cannot be efficiently solved as the network size increases, this study develops a statistical model to predict the network capacity based on the significant parameters in the transportation and communication networks. MITSIMLab is used to generate the necessary traffic flow data. Response surface method and linear regression technologies are applied to build the statistical models. Thus, this paper brings together an array of tools to solve the broadcast capacity problem in VANETs. The proposed methodology provides an efficient approach to estimate the performance of a VANET in real-time, which will impact the efficacy of travel decision making.     

基于UPF的神经网络辅助机动目标跟踪

为提高机动目标跟踪性能,提出了一种神经网络辅助下的滤波方法。基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法,Unscented粒子滤波器（UPF）能够产生较准确的建议密度分布,因此相对于其它蒙特卡洛方法,UPF能够获得对非线性目标跟踪问题更好的近似。利用目标的机动特征建立和训练神经网络,将神经网络的输出作为加速度控制参数,用于修正目标的运动模型。仿真结果表明,与扩展卡尔曼滤波相比,神经网络辅助下的UPF具有更好的跟踪性能。     

Neural localization of acoustic emission sources in ship hulls

In this paper a radial-basis-function neural network is used to localize acoustic emission events in ship hulls. It is shown that using a tiny network configuration and a small set of robust features, selected automatically by the K-means algorithm from a superset of 90 signal parameters, the location of a single event can be classified efficiently into three typical areas found in ship hulls. In simulation experiments, where a stiffened plate model is partially sunk into the water, the localization rate of acoustic emission events in a noise-free environment is 100% using four sensors and only four features per sensor. In the proposed method, the feature set is adapted and estimated automatically in cases of noisy environments. Robust acoustic emission localization rates, greater than 90%, are achieved using less than ten features per sensor in case of additive white Gaussian noise at 0 dB SNR or more.