基于模糊聚类的铁路智能运输系统结构分析方法研究

铁路智能运输系统(RITS)规模大、结构复杂、要素繁多,系统设计难度大.为降低系统设计复杂程度,提出了一种基于模糊聚类的RITS逻辑结构分解方法,通过建立模糊关联强度矩阵描述过程间的关联程度,在此基础上采用模糊聚类将RITS逻辑结构分解为若干相对独立的功能单元,使系统分解过程更为精细和严谨,为系统物理实现及相关研究提供了基础.     

Air cargo operations: Literature review and comparison with practices

This study reviews the literature on air cargo operations and compares theoretical studies with the practical problems of airlines, freight forwarders, and terminal service providers. In particular, we review studies in which mathematical models were used to identify the essential characteristics of air cargo operations, such as the intrinsic differences from passenger operations, and to explore the service processes in air cargo operations. The typical models used in previous studies are summarized. We then highlight the insightful findings from an industrial interview and present the gaps between previous research and practical realities. We finally discuss the new research opportunities of air cargo operations according to the gaps.     

一种基于拓展支持向量机的无人船路径规划方法

为有效解决无人船实现智能航行面临的路径规划问题，提出一种基于拓展支持向量机（SVM）的路径规划方法。该方法在传统SVM路径规划方法的基础上，考虑任务途中障碍物的规避风险，将工作任务的起止点作为约束条件对传统方法进行拓展，并针对不同的应用情景给出线性路径规划和非线性路径规划的求解方法。同时，为提高路径规划的效率，从SVM的原理出发，提出一种训练集裁剪的方法，大幅度减少利用SVM求解路径时所需的训练样本个数。此外，通过仿真验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Communicating transportation carbon dioxide emissions information: Does gender impact behavioral response?

General concern and knowledge on climate change have been increasingly studied over the past decades. Gender differences have been found for general environmental concern and knowledge, but mixed findings exist with respect to climate change. In transportation, research has examined potential relations between environmental attitudes and transportation behavior, with mixed findings as well. Recently, the use of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions information to influence choice has been tested with women being found more willing to pay to reduce their personal impacts, suggesting that women are either more willing to change or that their response to information on climate change is stronger. However, those studies used CO₂ mass and studies that examined understanding of CO₂ information as a mass have found that people struggle to understand it. If concern and knowledge about climate change differ amongst individuals, then, according to theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, the type of information used to motivate choices is likely important. Using a unique data set (n = 236) it is possible to take a first look at how gender might affect concern, knowledge, and action in terms of transportation and climate change. Further, it is also possible to examine behavioral responses to transportation climate change information. Finally, an empirical analysis is conducted of the effect of how the information is presented might differ by gender. Thus, this work aims to investigate whether gender differences might contribute to the explanation of individual behavioral responses (from concern to action) in a transportation climate change context.     

Increased productivity efforts yield few rewards in the knowledge economy

Population aging is reducing access to knowledge workers even as they are becoming more important to economic growth. Thus far, corporations and governments alike have made the intuitive yet untested assumption that working the existing workforce harder and longer can alleviate the economic fallout. This is based on the ‘success’ similar efforts have previously seen in production industries characterized by physical inputs. Our study provides evidence that these successes may not carry over to industries, such as transportation that are reliant on intellectual skill. It is shown that meeting productivity goals by increasing the job demands of knowledge workers, specifically air traffic controllers, compromises the provision of new kinds of value added. Furthermore, it is demonstrated for the first time that increasing job duration exacerbates the effects of job demand on human performance. Coping with staffing shortages by asking that knowledge workers simply ‘do more’ may impede rather than stimulate economic growth.     

Fuzzy ontology-based sentiment analysis of transportation and city feature reviews for safe traveling

Traffic congestion is rapidly increasing in urban areas, particularly in mega cities. To date, there exist a few sensor network based systems to address this problem. However, these techniques are not suitable enough in terms of monitoring an entire transportation system and delivering emergency services when needed. These techniques require real-time data and intelligent ways to quickly determine traffic activity from useful information. In addition, these existing systems and websites on city transportation and travel rely on rating scores for different factors (e.g., safety, low crime rate, cleanliness, etc.). These rating scores are not efficient enough to deliver precise information, whereas reviews or tweets are significant, because they help travelers and transportation administrators to know about each aspect of the city. However, it is difficult for travelers to read, and for transportation systems to process, all reviews and tweets to obtain expressive sentiments regarding the needs of the city. The optimum solution for this kind of problem is analyzing the information available on social network platforms and performing sentiment analysis. On the other hand, crisp ontology-based frameworks cannot extract blurred information from tweets and reviews; therefore, they produce inadequate results. In this regard, this paper proposes fuzzy ontology-based sentiment analysis and semantic web rule language (SWRL) rule-based decision-making to monitor transportation activities (accidents, vehicles, street conditions, traffic volume, etc.) and to make a city-feature polarity map for travelers. This system retrieves reviews and tweets related to city features and transportation activities. The feature opinions are extracted from these retrieved data, and then fuzzy ontology is used to determine the transportation and city-feature polarity. A fuzzy ontology and an intelligent system prototype are developed by using Protégé web ontology language (OWL) and Java, respectively. The experimental results show satisfactory improvement in tweet and review analysis and opinion mining.     

排放控制区下集装箱班轮航线路径规划与航速调度集成决策

针对排放控制区和“限硫令”实施下，控制区内外燃油价格的巨大差异，对船舶进出港射角 选择、航段航速优化，挂港顺序确定的影响，综合考虑船舶进出港射角与控制区内外航距组合的 关联关系，控制区内外航距、航速在燃油价格差异下的悖反关系，船舶耗油费用和耗时费用的平 衡关系，港口间船舶运行费用组合与航线挂港次序的作用关系，以及这些关系相互影响，相互作 用，相互耦合对船舶运营成本的影响，提出集装箱班轮航线路径规划与航速调度集成决策问题。 以航次运营成本最小为目标，运用斜边非限定变异三角函数几何方法和混合整数非线性规划建 模方法，构建该问题的两阶段集成决策模型，并利用遗传算法对结果进行优化。最后，通过案例 对比与趋势分析，验证了模型的实用性和优越性。     

面向动静态混合环境的智能车运动规划方法

针对存在动态和静态障碍物环境中的智能车运动规划问题，本文提出一种基于三维搜索的方法。该方法首先在笛卡尔坐标系中增加时间维度以建立时间-空间栅格，构建不同车速下的车辆运动基元；将智能车转化为多个圆心组成的线段，采用膨胀静态障碍物的方法进行不规则障碍物碰撞检测，运用时间间隔法将动态障碍物碰撞检测简化为线段交叉性检测；构建包含最大速度和加速度约束的速度启发式函数，用于引导搜索树在时空空间中快速到达目标位置和速度；最后基于启发式方法和局部运动规划方法在时空栅格中进行搜索，获取融合时间信息和“停止-等待”等决策信息的运动轨迹。实验结果表明：本文运动规划方法在动静态混合环境中能够引导智能车安全行驶，相比速度障碍方法，安全行驶的平均成功率提升23%；相比混合A*方法，平均成功率提升19%，行驶耗时缩短21%。     

Mapping spatial accessibility of public transportation network in an urban area – A case study of Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub

Accessibility is a key metric when assessing the efficiency of an urban public transportation network. This research develops a methodology for evaluating spatial accessibility of a system with multiple transportation modes in an urban area, Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub (SHTH) and its surrounding area. The method measured total traveling time as an accessibility indicator, which summed the time people spent on walking, waiting, transfer and transportation in a journey from the SHTH to destinations. Spatial accessibility was classified into five levels from very high to very low. The evaluation was conducted at a cell-by-cell basis under an overall scenario and three specific scenarios. Evaluation results were presented in a series of maps. The overall accessibility scenario shows a concentric-ring trend decreasing from the SHTH to the fringe of the study area. Areas along the metro lines generally have a much higher accessibility than those along the bus lines with some exceptions where bus routes play a more important role. Metro stations identified as either time-saving or time-consuming points are mainly distributed around the urban center. Some suggestions are proposed for improving accessibility of public transportation network in the study area. The results from this study provide a scientific basis and useful information for supporting decision-making on urban planning, and assisting dwellers to travel in a time-efficient manner. The methodology offers a simple, flexible way to the spatial evaluation, metro station identification and network modification of accessibility of public transportation systems with multiple transportation modes.