大洪山生态文化旅游区空间发展模式研究

文章针对近域旅游区主导旅游资源相似和相异并存的特点,提出旅游区＂整合-竞合＂发展模式（3C模式）,并以大洪山生态文化旅游区组织与规划为例,提出基于游客行为的旅游线路组织模式及相应的旅游公路网布局结构与交通设计理念。     

Schedule-based transit assignment model with vehicle capacity and seat availability

In this paper, we propose a new schedule-based equilibrium transit assignment model that differentiates the discomfort level experienced by sitting and standing passengers. The notion of seat allocation has not been considered explicitly and analytically in previous schedule-based frameworks. The model assumes that passengers use strategies when traveling from their origin to their destination. When loading a vehicle, standing on-board passengers continuing to the next station have priority to get available seats and waiting passengers are loaded on a First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) principle. The stimulus of a standing passenger to sit increases with his/her remaining journey length and time already spent on-board. When a vehicle is full, passengers unable to board must wait for the next vehicle to arrive. The equilibrium conditions can be stated as a variational inequality involving a vector-valued function of expected strategy costs. To find a solution, we adopt the method of successive averages (MSA) that generates strategies during each iteration by solving a dynamic program. Numerical results are also reported to show the effects of our model on the travel strategies and departure time choices of passengers.     

The accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice setting: A re-examination and some controversial conclusions

Data is typically gathered from an individual respondent who represents the group or the household. This individual is often identified as the “primary decision maker” and is asked to provide responses as a proxy for the group given that the cost of interviewing each member individually is impractical and/or expensive. The collection of joint preferences is rarely undertaken, with the use of proxy responses not uncommon in travel behaviour research. Under such a framework, there exists an assumption that the primary decision maker has perfect knowledge of other group member preferences, and bargaining behaviour, and is able to synthesise this information when providing a response on their behalf. The validity of such an assumption however remains an open question, with recent research calling the reliability of proxy responses into account (Bateman and Munro, 2009). In this paper, using three models estimated in willingness to pay space, we examine the accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice experiment. We find that there is overlap between a proxy response and the own preferences of the individual providing the proxy choice, but while the proxy responses fail to represent the full preference heterogeneity that exists in the actual choices made by individuals, the proxy responses in aggregate provide a suitable replacement for actual data, subject to a number of caveats.     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

基于Breakdown概率模型的快速路匝道与公交专用道协调控制研究

延误是评价快速路协调控制方案的常用指标,然而由于交通流骤降(Breakdown)现象发生导致的车辆运行速度突变,使得基于延误指标的控制方案评价具有较大的不确定性.因此,引入Breakdown概率作为评价指标,并将其与延误指标进行结合形成综合性评价指标以解决该问题.本文以匝道控制和公交专用道设置作为协调手段设计4个协调控制方案,分别利用改进后的Breakdown概率模型及Integration仿真软件对4个方案进行基于Breakdown概率指标和延误指标的评价,进而结合2种指标形成综合指标对方案进行评价,并对以上3种指标的评价结果进行对比分析.分析结果表明,Breakdown概率指标与延误指标的评价结果具有不一致性,即该指标可对拥堵形成过程中的协调方案进行合理评价,而Breakdown概率指标与综合指标评价结果具有一致性.同时Breakdown概率指标可定量评价协调手段对Breakdown概率的影响,采取匝道控制会使得Breakdown发生概率下降约7%,而设置公交专用道则会使得Breakdown发生概率上升约12%.综合评价指标平衡了Breakdown概率指标与延误指标间的评价结果分歧,能够对控制方案进行综合性的评价.     

基于模糊控制的公交信号优先控制方法研究

面对城市公共交通优先发展中遇到的交叉口公交信号优先控制问题,以降低交叉口人均延误和公交车延误为目标,提出了基于3层模糊控制器的交叉口公交信号优先主动控制模型,通过改进针对车流交通需求强度、相位放行顺序、绿灯时间优化的3层模糊推理控制器,最终输出相位绿灯放行时间延长和相序提前2种控制策略.仿真算例分析表明,与普通固定配时控制相比,公交车平均延误和人均延误分别降低27%,14.2%;与公交信号优先感应控制相比,公交车平均延误和人均延误分别降低13.7%,21.7%,说明了所提方法的有效性.     

大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的车辆延误（双语出版）

为了准确评估大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的服务水平,改善其交通秩序,提高管理水平,针对送站坪车辆的常规落客行为和违规行为造成的延误,进行了量化分析研究。在大量调研数据的基础上,提取车辆轨迹,通过虚拟线圈的方法获取车辆的运动参数和交通流信息,基于车辆运行特征和车流波动理论,提出了落客车辆汇入行车道时等待可穿插间隙的延误模型、行车道车辆受穿插车辆影响的延误模型以及违规行为造成的行车道车辆延误模型等,验证结果表明,延误模型计算结果与实测结果近似。针对客运枢纽常见的两车道送站坪的交通特性,将车辆在落客车道的行驶距离、落客时长、速度、加减速度等参数作为自变量,基于高峰期间车辆到达分布推导出了送站坪车辆的平均延误,在此基础上给出了送站坪车辆行程时间的理论推导模型和多元线性回归模型。实例验证结果显示：2个行程时间模型计算结果与实测数据基本吻合,平均误差均为13%,回归模型的拟合优度为0.868;减少模型变量,以车辆在落客车道的行驶距离和落客时长为自变量,拟合优度也达到了0.853,表明这2个变量对车辆在送站坪系统的总延误影响最大,它们的值可以基本反映出车辆在送站坪系统的总延误,研究结果可为仿真模型的构建及通行能力的研究提供理论基础。     

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简单输入输出模型与冲击波分析是研究交通瓶颈问题的两种常用方法,本文着重分析两者的一致性。在数学推导中考虑到达需求与流出率的变化时,两者对于排队和延误的预测结果是一致的。在不同的交通和边界条件下,两者在拥堵形成至消散的任意时刻所得排队长度,拥堵时间等结果均是一致的。以往认为两种方法不一致的研究忽略了一些与背景交通密切相关的基本因素。实例分析说明正是这些基本因素使得这两种分析方法在不同流量－密度关系下都具有一致性。     

小型直喷式柴油机燃用生物质能燃料的性能研究

文章主要研究了生物质能混合燃料在柴油机上的应用,通过在一台小型直喷式柴油机上进行不同组分柴油-生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料的燃烧、油耗和排放性能对比试验,分析了乙醇含量的改变对混合燃料的发动机燃烧压力、滞燃期、放热规律、比油耗和排放的影响．     

不确定性时滞系统时滞相关鲁棒镇定

讨论了具有状态时滞的数值界不确定性线性系统的时滞相关鲁棒控制问题.将矩阵分解的思想应用于线性时滞系统的控制综合,利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函方法,通过牛顿-莱布尼茨各项相互关系引入"0"阵,得到了系统的一种新的经过状态反馈控制后可鲁棒镇定的、基于LMI的、保守性较低的时滞相关条件.该方法既不需要对原系统进行模型变换,也不需要对交叉项进行界定.用算例说明了该方法的有效性.