TBM过站监控量测方案

采用隧道掘进机(以下简称TBM)是目前城市轨道交通隧道开挖施工的主要方法之一,考虑到TBM自身荷载大,可能对隧道及地铁车站结构造成变形,影响结构稳定性。以重庆轨道交通6号线一期大龙山及冉家坝车站监测实践为例,研究TBM过站的隧道及车站结构变形特征和主要影响因素,提出TBM过站监测方面的见解,从而降低TBM过站安全风险,确保结构安全稳定,为类似工程的变形监测提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

长距离盾构法输水隧道设计要点及改进建议

结合上海青草沙水源地原水隧道工程的设计过程,探讨采用长距离盾构隧道建设大型原水输送隧道的适应性,解决长距离输水隧道工程设计过程中高内水压及防渗漏等问题,对设计实施过程中的一些技术要点提出改进的相关建议,为长距离输水隧道的设计提供一些更为合理和可行的措施。     

公路客运与高速铁路客运竞争中经济运距的探讨

随着我国高速铁路建设的加快,特别是城际列车及动车组开行,公路客运面临的竞争压力加大,市场份额下降明显。由于公路客运和高速铁路客运彼此有着不可忽略的强替代性,两者之间的竞争不可避免。讨论公路客运与高速铁路客运的经济运距,在此基础上分析得出两者各自的优势,提出相关策略和建议,使公路客运的整体竞争力有所提升。     

长距离盾构隧道相向施工测量方法优化

以狮子洋盾构隧道为例,探讨了在长距离水下盾构隧道施工中,采取从两端相向施工,地中对接方案时施工测量方法的优化.从施工测量项目统筹规划、贯通精度要求设置、地面控制测量方法、联系测量方法、地下测量方法和盾构导向测量方法等方面给出了优化方案,隧道的顺利贯通表明采用该测量方案可以满足长距离盾构隧道最终贯通精度的要求.     

隧道与互通出口小净距路段换道可靠性研究

为分析高速公路隧道与互通出口小净距路段在不同交通流状况下的车辆驶出概率,提出了基于交通仿真的安全换道概率模型。首先,采用VISSIM标定仿真模型并进行正交试验,获取小净距路段在不同净距长度、交通量、驶出比例、大型车比例下的交通数据,在此基础上确定瞬时交通流密度及相应车流平均速度的计算方法,构建相应的分布模型,通过K均值聚类算法研究不同速度下的瞬时交通流密度大小和出现概率;同时引入可靠度方法并利用微分法来构建车辆安全换道概率模型,综合考虑车速、车流密度、目标车道临界可插入间隙等因素的不确定性,应用蒙特卡罗仿真法搭建求解概率模型的算法,并通过MATLAB对模型进行求解;针对分流车初始位置的不同,分别得到了不同交通量、大型车比例、净距长度下的换道驶出成功率,进而研究不同交通流状况组合下的净距长度。结果表明：交通量、大型车比例、净距长度对净距路段内侧车道车辆换道驶出成功率有显著性影响,研究结果可为规范的进一步完善提供参考。     

Forecasting travel behavior using Markov Chains-based approaches

Recent advances in agent-based micro-simulation modeling have further highlighted the importance of a thorough full synthetic population procedure for guaranteeing the correct characterization of real-world populations and underlying travel demands. In this regard, we propose an integrated approach including Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and profiling-based methods to capture the behavioral complexity and the great heterogeneity of agents of the true population through representative micro-samples. The population synthesis method is capable of building the joint distribution of a given population with its corresponding marginal distributions using either full or partial conditional probabilities or both of them simultaneously. In particular, the estimation of socio-demographic or transport-related variables and the characterization of daily activity-travel patterns are included within the framework. The fully probabilistic structure based on Markov Chains characterizing this framework makes it innovative compared to standard activity-based models. Moreover, data stemming from the 2010 Belgian Household Daily Travel Survey (BELDAM) are used to calibrate the modeling framework. We illustrate that this framework effectively captures the behavioral heterogeneity of travelers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is adequately adapted to meeting the demand for large-scale micro-simulation scenarios of transportation and urban systems.     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

A theoretical foundation for the relationship between generalized origin–destination matrix and flow matrix based on ordinal graph trajectories

This paper shows the relationship between flow, generalized origin–destination (OD), and alternative route flow from a set of ordinal graph trajectories. In contrast to traffic assignment methods that employ OD matrix to produce flow matrix, we use ordinal trajectory on a network graph as input and produce both the generalized OD matrix and the flow matrix, with the alternative and substitute route flow matrices as additional outputs. By using linear algebra‐like operations on matrix sets, the relationship between network utilization (in terms of flow, generalized OD, alternative route flow, and desire line) and network structure (in terms of distance matrix and adjacency matrix) are derived. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.