格拉管道密闭输送-10 #轻柴油主要技术对策

阐述了地处高原寒区的格拉管道首次密闭输送-10 #轻柴油过程中对输送条件、油品物性、管输特性及输送过程所进行的分析比较,介绍了输送方案和主要技术对策,其中要点有设定的管路压力,流量与流速,工艺流程及控制方式,管道泄漏和进、出站压力突变,输油设施设备发生故障时的处置.实践证明,格拉管道利用每年7、8月份地温最高的有利时机密闭输送-10 #轻柴油是可行的,但输送压力、流量、节流压力等主要参数与输送-20 #、-35 #轻柴油不同,对输送参数和输送方案需做相应调整.     

Modeling commuting mode choice jointly with work start time and work duration

This paper presents a joint trivariate discrete-continuous-continuous model for commuters’ mode choice, work start time and work duration. The model is designed to capture correlations among random components influencing these decisions. For empirical investigation, the model is estimated using a data set collected in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in 2001. Considering the fact that work duration involves medium- to long-term decision making compared to short-term activity scheduling decisions, work duration is considered endogenous to work start time decisions. The empirical model reveals many behavioral details of commuters’ mode choice, work start time and duration decisions. The primary objective of the model is to predict workers’ work schedules according to mode choice, which is considered a skeletal activity schedule in activity-based travel demand models. However, the empirical model reveals many behavioral details of workers’ mode choices and work scheduling. Independent application of the model for travel demand management policy evaluations is also promising, as it provides better value in terms of travel time estimates.     

Origin-destination trip table estimation based on subarea network OD flow and vehicle trajectory data

Identifying accurate origin-destination (O-D) travel demand is one of the most important and challenging tasks in the transportation planning field. Recently, a wide range of traffic data has been made available. This paper proposes an O-D estimation model using multiple field data. This study takes advantage of emerging technologies – car navigation systems, highway toll collecting systems and link traffic counts – to determine O-D demand. The proposed method is unique since these multiple data are combined to improve the accuracy of O-D estimation for an entire network. We tested our model on a sample network and found great potential for using multiple data as a means of O-D estimation. The errors of a single input data source do not critically affect the model’s overall accuracy, meaning that combining multiple data provides resilience to these errors. It is suggested that the model is a feasible means for more reliable O-D estimation.     

Travel mental budgeting under road toll: An investigation based on user equilibrium

With the approach of introducing the conceptions of mental account and mental budgeting into the process of travelers’ route choice, we try to identify why the usages of tolled roads are often overestimated. Assuming that every traveler sets a mental account for his/her travel to keep track of their expense and keep out-of-pocket spending under control, it addresses these questions such that “How much money can I spend on the travel?” and “What if I spend too much?”. Route tolls that exceed the budget are much more unacceptable compared to those within budget due to the non-fungibility of money between different accounts. A simple network with two nodes and two routes is analyzed firstly, the analytical solutions are obtained and the optimal road tolls supporting the user equilibrium as a system optimum are also derived. The proposed model is then extended to a generalized network. The multiclass user equilibrium conditions with travel mental budgeting are formulated into an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem and an equivalent minimization problem. Through analyses with numerical examples, it is found that the main reason that the usages of high tolled roads are often overestimated is due to the fact that travelers with low and moderate out-of-pocket travel budget perceive a much higher travel cost than their actual cost on the high tolled roads.     

爆破振动下小净距隧道围岩的力学行为分析

文章运用数值分析计算软件,对小净距隧道中既有隧道受邻近隧道爆破震动影响的动力响应特性进行分析,得出了爆破地震波作用下,隧道周边围岩应力、位移和振动速度的分布规律,为小净距隧道的设计与安全施工提供科学依据。     

建立高效的城市快速路骨架网

指出中国城市目前交通严重堵塞的病症在于指导思想的错误;提出解决目前及将来的城市交通的有效方法就是建立城市快速路骨架网。     

Employment suburbanisation, reverse commuting and travel behaviour by residents of the central city in the Paris metropolitan area

This paper analyses the relationship between employment suburbanisation in the Paris metropolitan area, the growth of reverse commuting and changes in the weekday travel behaviour of working residents of the central city over a 20-year period. The results show that the number of reverse commuters has significantly increased because the municipality of Paris has lost many jobs but few working residents whilst employment has developed in the suburbs. Reverse commuters are mainly and increasingly high-income professionals whose workplace is located close to the central city in employment sub-centres that are well served by public transport. Consequently reverse commuters have lower than average car use although differences exist and are related to their professional status. The policy implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.     

Variation of households<Emphasis Type="Bold">’</Emphasis> car ownership across time: application of a panel data model

For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background, the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed in this paper.

小净间距交叉隧道振动规律试验研究

随着国家路网建设规模的不断扩大,铁路、公路隧道出现近接平行、交叉的现象越来越普遍.受地形等因素的影响,交叉隧道的净间距也在不断减小,由此产生的工程问题逐渐变得复杂.文章以丹大铁路中的草莓沟2#隧道为例(该隧道下穿盘道岭公路隧道),开展6种不同加载工况下的振动台试验,输入地震波峰值分别为0.1 g、0.15 g、0.2 ...     

便携式制动性能测试仪的使用经验

在汽车检测中,经常会遇到各种问题,影响到检测的效果.高精度和耐冲击性的便携式制动性能测试仪的应用,提高了车辆制动性能的检测效果.