建立高效的城市快速路骨架网

指出中国城市目前交通严重堵塞的病症在于指导思想的错误;提出解决目前及将来的城市交通的有效方法就是建立城市快速路骨架网。     

Employment suburbanisation, reverse commuting and travel behaviour by residents of the central city in the Paris metropolitan area

This paper analyses the relationship between employment suburbanisation in the Paris metropolitan area, the growth of reverse commuting and changes in the weekday travel behaviour of working residents of the central city over a 20-year period. The results show that the number of reverse commuters has significantly increased because the municipality of Paris has lost many jobs but few working residents whilst employment has developed in the suburbs. Reverse commuters are mainly and increasingly high-income professionals whose workplace is located close to the central city in employment sub-centres that are well served by public transport. Consequently reverse commuters have lower than average car use although differences exist and are related to their professional status. The policy implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.     

Variation of households<Emphasis Type="Bold">’</Emphasis> car ownership across time: application of a panel data model

For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background, the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed in this paper.

大型耙吸船与自航泥驳联合施工的工效分析

吹填造陆项目需要从远距离取砂到近岸填陆,自航泥驳船联合耙吸挖泥船施工工艺能提高远运距项目综合工效,补充耙吸船施工能力不足,从而降低综合成本。根据施工工艺特点,基于影响因素分析,建立不同工效计算理论模型,借助实际施工效率数据,测算不同运距、不同工艺形式的综合工效,得到典型工况的综合效率及应用边界条件,为工程应用耙吸船与自航泥驳船联合施工方案提供数据支持和决策参考。     

公路小净距段隧道中夹岩稳定问题与施工控制措施

小净距隧道是介于分离式隧道和连拱隧道之间的一种特殊结构形式,目前在国内已有较多成功经验,具有较高的安全性和经济性.受制于环保和用地等因素,小净距隧道的应用将会越来越广泛.本文结合金鸡山隧道建设工程,从开挖方式选择、小净距段相互影响性划分、爆破控制、中夹岩加固等方面总结设计和施工方面的经验,并根据金鸡山隧道的实际情况,提...     

基于相空间重构与LSSVM的交通流量预测

针对仅利用欧氏距离不能准确反映相空间中相点间的相似性大小,提出一种改进预测模型,该模型同时考虑相点间的欧氏距离和相似性来选取邻近点。在对交通流量时间序列进行相空间重构后,运用最小二乘支持向量机分别对不同方法得到的邻近点进行训练,并对未来时段的交通流量进行了多步预测。实际案例的预测结果表明,改进方法比一般方法具有更好的适应能力和预测精度。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

小净间距交叉隧道振动规律试验研究

随着国家路网建设规模的不断扩大,铁路、公路隧道出现近接平行、交叉的现象越来越普遍.受地形等因素的影响,交叉隧道的净间距也在不断减小,由此产生的工程问题逐渐变得复杂.文章以丹大铁路中的草莓沟2#隧道为例(该隧道下穿盘道岭公路隧道),开展6种不同加载工况下的振动台试验,输入地震波峰值分别为0.1 g、0.15 g、0.2 ...     

船舶碰撞危险度模型优化

介绍船舶碰撞危险度的研究概况,阐述空间碰撞危险度的概念及理论模型,根据船舶在开阔海域能见度良好情况下的操纵实际,对碰撞危险度模型进行优化,使之更适用于决策避碰.     

盲源分离技术在车辆轮胎噪声提取中的应用

介绍Kullback-Leibler发散度,推导基于该发散度和自然梯度算法的盲信号处理的计算方法,并通过一个仿真实例说明运用该方法对车辆轮胎噪音提取的可行性,从而为车辆的车轮故障诊断和车体音频信号的盲分离提供一个新的方法。