State observer-based sliding mode control for semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension

This paper proposes an improved virtual reference model for semi-active suspension to coordinate the vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. The reference model combines the virtues of sky-hook with ground-hook control logic, and the hybrid coefficient is tuned according to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration so as to improve the vehicle stability especially in high-speed condition. Suspension state observer based on unscented Kalman filter is designed. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is developed to track the states of the reference model. The stability of the SMC strategy is proven by means of Lyapunov function taking into account the nonlinear damper characteristics and sprung mass variation of the vehicle. Finally, the performance of the controller is demonstrated under three typical working conditions: the random road excitation, speed bump road and sharp acceleration and braking. The simulation results indicated that, compared with the traditional passive suspension, the proposed control algorithm can offer a better coordination between vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. This approach provides a viable alternative to costlier active suspension control systems for commercial vehicles.     

Multimode trip information detection using personal trajectory data

Handheld global positioning system (GPS) devices can serve as a new tool to collect an individual's trip information with advantages of low cost, accurate data, and intensive spatial coverage. Various machine learning algorithms have been explored to detected trip train information in previous studies; however, few of them focused on the evaluation and comparison of the performance and applicability of different models. Meanwhile, according to previous studies, car and bus mode detection is a thorny issue due to their similar travel characteristics, and algorithms still need to be well explored and improved to solve this problem. In this article, an innovative method is proposed to detect trip information, including trip modes, mode-changing time and location, and other attributes, from personal trajectory data. The method is a two-step process. A machine learning algorith-based module (including artificial neural network, support vector machine, random forests, and Bayesian network) is firstly used to identify walk, bicycle, and motorized trip modes (bus or car); we thoroughly compared the performance of these four algorithms. Then a second module, using critical points on the GPS trajectories, is further developed to distinguish car and bus mode, incorporated with GIS map information. Field test results show that the proposed machine learning models can all be applied for walk, bicycle, and motorized mode detection with high detection rates exceeding 90%; however, the algorithms work relatively poorly for bus and car mode detection, with results mostly below 75%. The proposed two-step method can greatly improve bus and car mode detection accuracy by 14–30%. As a result, the average mode detection rates for all the four modes are above 90%. Compared with mode detection results by using only the machine learning algorithm, the proposed two-step method has much better performance in both accuracy and consistency.     

串联式混合动力船舶能源系统运行模式切换策略

为了解决内河电力推进船舶混合动力能源系统运行模式的切换控制问题,以动力电池剩余电量、电池工作温度以及船舶电力推进需求功率作为特征因素,以混合动力能源系统运行模式作为决断输出,建立了基于模糊综合评判方法的船舶混合能源系统运行模式切换控制模型及其控制策略。以实验室的船舶航行工况数据作为试验仿真环境,结果表明,这种方法能够智能地自动切换运行模式,实现了电力推进船舶混合动力能源系统的优化管理,同时能够保证动力电池的工作性能,延长电池寿命。     

沥青路面疲劳当量温度计算方法研究

我国现行沥青路面设计规范以15℃作为测定沥青混合料疲劳性能的试验温度,忽略了地区之间存在明显的温度差异。根据路面弹性力学层状理论,对控制应力与应变两种疲劳加载模式进行分析,讨论了适用于路面实际疲劳状况的加载模式。分析了影响沥青路面疲劳寿命的因素,并采用SHELL方法,根据Miner法则计算疲劳当量温度,提出了日疲劳当量温度的计算公式,计算了我国8地区的年疲劳当量温度,讨论了不同地区疲劳当量温度的取值范围和取值方法。此研究结果为提高路面结构分析精度提供了可靠的温度参数依据。     

交通建设项目环境影响综合评价模型及应用

文章以秦岭终南山特长隧道项目为例,通过引入模糊层次综合分析法,建立了基于改进的层次分析法(IAHP),确定权重的交通建设项目环境影响的综合评价模型,论述了该模型的应用过程及其有效性。     

Understanding the relationships between private automobile availability, overall physical activity, and travel behavior in adults

In most developed countries motorized transportation is the dominant form of travel for long and short journeys. Transport-related physical activity (TPA), however, is advocated as an appropriate transport mode for traveling short distances. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between private automobile availability, overall physical activity levels, and TPA engagement in the adult population. A population-representative telephone survey assessed socio-demographics, private automobile availability, overall physical activity levels, and travel to place of work/study and the convenience shop with an adult sample (n = 2,000) residing in North Shore City, Auckland, New Zealand in April 2005. The majority of respondents reported unrestricted (80%) or frequent (12%) private automobile availability. After controlling for covariates, binary logistic regression analyses revealed those with no private automobile available were less likely to be classified as sufficiently active for health benefits when compared to respondents with unrestricted private automobile availability. However, this finding was based on a small minority (4%). Also, those reporting no private automobile availability were more likely to walk or cycle to place of employment and the convenience shop when compared to those with unrestricted private automobile availability. Similar to other self-report travel and physical activity survey tools, the questionnaire used potentially did not adequately capture TPA engagement. Future TPA research needs to incorporate objective measures to address this issue.

How do people respond to congestion mitigation policies? A multivariate probit model of the individual consideration of three travel-related strategy bundles

This study explores the relationships between adoption and consideration of three travel-related strategy bundles (travel maintaining/increasing, travel reducing, and major location/lifestyle change), linking them to a variety of explanatory variables. The data for this study are the responses to a fourteen-page survey returned by nearly 1,300 commuting workers living in three distinct San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods in May 1998. We first identified patterns of adoption and consideration among the bundles, using pairwise correlation tests. The test results indicate that those who have adopted coping strategies continue to seek for improvements across the spectrum of generalized cost, but perhaps most often repeating the consideration of a previously-adopted bundle. Furthermore, we developed a multivariate probit model for individuals’ simultaneous consideration of the three bundles. It is found that in addition to the previous adoption of the bundles, qualitative and quantitative Mobility-related variables, Travel Attitudes, Personality, Lifestyle, Travel Liking, and Sociodemographics significantly affect individual consideration of the strategy bundles. Overall, the results of this study give policy makers and planners insight into understanding the dynamic nature of individuals’ responses to travel-related strategies, as well as differences between the responses to congestion that are assumed by policy makers and those that are actually adopted by individuals.

Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers

Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options. This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables. They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective car use reduction.

网络自主学习情景中大学英语大班教学实验研究

文中从大学英语网络自主学习教学实验易产生的诸多问题出发,以建构主义理论和学习策略理论为基础,就网络自主学习、评估模式、大班教学和网络第二课堂开拓方面对广东工业大学本科二年级学生进行了问卷调查和访谈。根据所发现的问题,广东工业大学针对性改革了教学,实施了新的措施。     

导弹战斗部冲击下舷侧梁的动力响应及失效模式分析

根据理想刚-塑性材料模型假设,同时考虑梁的剪切、弯曲及拉伸,分析了均匀矩形截面简支梁中部在中低速、大尺寸、大质量、平头弹体正冲击下的动力响应,得到了梁的初始塑性变形模式及梁的塑性变形过程,并根据有效塑性应变失效准则,分析了简支梁的失效模式,得到了冲击过程中梁的临界失效挠度及吸能量,讨论了梁截面的形状及跨长对梁变形吸能能力的影响.