A time‐staged multi‐objective network‐design model

A multi‐objective, time‐staged network‐design problem is formulated. Through transformation, the problem is decomposed into a set of single‐period, single‐objective problems. Lexicographic ordering is instrumental in effecting this transformation; it also allows a backward‐recursion algorithm to be applied using strong pruning criteria. Furthermore, monotonicity properties enable us to solve the problem using the familiar tree‐search algorithms. The solution method has several desirable properties — as shown by an example and a case study of Tripoli Province, Libya. First, the algorithm ensures continuity of project implementation over the multi time‐periods and provides optimality in later computational stages irrespective of the decision at an interim stage. Second, the algorithm tends to provide accessibility to unconnected regions in the study area at low user‐cost without employing weights to the two objective functions of accessibility and user‐cost efficiency. Such a property is deemed advantageous for suggesting transportation investments based purely on purchasing the greatest benefit for each dollar, with political neutrality strictly maintained.     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

Forecasting bunker prices; A nonstationary,multivariate methodology

This paper suggests a methodological approach for the forecasting of marine fuel prices. The prediction of the bunker prices is of outmost importance for operators, as bunker prices affect heavily the economic planning and financial viability of ventures and determine decisions related to compliance with regulations. A multivariate nonstationary stochastic model available in the literature is being retrieved, after appropriate adjustment and testing. The model belongs to the class of periodically correlated stochastic processes with annual periodic components. The time series are appropriately transformed to become Gaussian, and then are decomposed to deterministic seasonal characteristics (mean value and standard deviation) and a residual time series. The residual part is proved to be stationary and then is modeled as a Vector AutoRegressive Mooving Average (VARMA) process. Finally, using the methodology presented, forecasts of a tetra-variate and an octa-variate time series of bunker prices are produced and are in good agreement with actual values. The obtained results encourages further research and deeper investigation of the driving characters of the multivariate time series of bunker prices.     

行人过街需要分析研究

通过调查分析研究,运用心理学需要理论和交通工程理论,分析了行人过街过程中的各种需要,包括心理需要、时间和空间需要、环境和其他需要。对过街过程中需要的具体内容进行了阐述。最后总结了各种需要之间的联系。     

中频电源恒反压时间控制方式的研究

研究了单相并联谐振中频电源的晶闸管恒反压时间控制方式,阐述了其工作原理.实验结果证明该控制方式能够在各种扰动情况下,也能确保逆变晶闸管可靠关断。     

薄壁高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震时程反应参数研究

运用大质量法,建立并推导了长大跨度桥梁考虑行波效应的分析模型及解析方程。以内蒙古小沙湾黄河特大桥为工程背景,选取墩身刚度、地震波视波波速、地震波激励方向等主要参数,建立动力计算模型,对该桥上述各种参数工况下地震时程反应作了参数对比分析研究。利用分析结果,探讨了同类桥梁在各种参数变化情况下墩顶位移和墩底内力的变化规律。     

影响塑料发泡颗粒轻质土强度的因素及其试验研究

利用室内试验方法,对水泥掺入量、塑料发泡颗粒体积含有量、养护龄期、养护环境等因素对塑料发泡颗粒轻质土强度发挥的影响进行了分析,得到了塑料发泡颗粒轻质土的强度发挥在各种不同因素影响下的变化规律。结果表明,轻质土的强度随轻质土中水泥含有量的提高及龄期的延长而增长,可以用指数函数描述轻质土强度与龄期、水泥含有量之间的相关关系;增大轻质土中塑料发泡颗粒体积比,引起轻质土的强度下降;水下环境对轻质土的强度发挥不利,为利于轻质土的强度发挥,在工程应用中应考虑采用有效的排水措施或尽量在水上部位使用。     

时域波形再现技术在汽车零部件疲劳寿命预测中的应用

时域波形再现技术可以把在原有模型车上测量到的轮轴载荷（力和力矩）转换为轮轴位移。把轮轴位移信号作用于新车型的多体模型，可以毫无障碍地进行整车模拟，预测出部件的疲劳寿命。介绍了时域波形再现技术在汽车零部件疲劳寿命预测的应用，并对其原理和工作流程中的关键技术——系统识别和目标模拟进行了简要介绍。     

浅论山丘地区防洪治理

山洪灾害是在一定强度、持续的降雨或特殊地形地质条件下发生的。具有突发、易发、破坏性大、防御困难等特点,因而有别于城市一般地区的防洪,该文就无锡惠山地区石门下开发建设中涉及山丘防洪规划治理的问题进行了探讨。     

单轴并联式混合动力总成的设计

设计完成了驱动电机与电控共轨柴油机结合而成的混合动力汽车动力总成,该总成用于单轴并联式混合动力汽车。驱动电机既是电驱动装置,又是起动、发电一体化系统(ISG),基于MC 68H9S12DP256B单片机,研制了该总成的控制系统,通过CAN总线实现了联合控制,以电池充放电平衡和发动机燃油经济性为基础,应用了一种模糊逻辑控制策略,实现了混合动力系统的扭矩分配与不同工作模式以及模式间的切换,该总成能够在所要求的工作模式下运转。