丽香铁路黄山哨隧道下穿岩堆段设计施工关键技术

以下穿岩堆段的丽香铁路黄山哨隧道为工程依托,对岩堆段地表开裂及洞内初期支护边墙严重变形的问题进行研究。地表埋设6根测斜管监测地表位移情况,洞内布置3个断面进行围岩压力、钢架内力、二次衬砌内力、初期支护与二次衬砌间的接触压力、锚杆轴力量测。在分析现场岩堆段洞内外受力机制及原因的基础上,根据数值计算结果优化二次衬砌断面型式及进一步加大二次衬砌厚度及配筋。采取以下措施控制隧道岩堆段变形： 1）地表岩堆土石接触面开裂处增设截排水措施; 2）加大隧道初期支护钢架型号及加长岩堆侧边墙径向系统锚杆; 3）加大隧道边墙轮廓曲率并优化隧道二次衬砌型式为圆顺型; 4）隧道预留变形量加大至30 cm; 5）隧道二次衬砌内净空预留50 cm补强空间; 6）隧道拱部设置42小导管超前支护。现场岩堆段采取以上措施后已顺利施工通过,根据洞内外监测结果显示,结构在安全可控范围内。     

Numerical Simulation of Advanced Geological Forecasting Based on Multi- Source Seismic Interferometry北大核心CSCD

For existing advanced geological forecasting, the forecast distance is short and the test frequency is high, increasing test and construction risks. Since various methods have different requirements for the test environ-ment, preparation work can be tedious and result in a long construction time thereby affecting normal construction.A new advanced geological forecast technique based on multi-source seismic interferometry for tunnels is proposed.This technique uses the blast at one end of tunnel as a centrum and receives the signal at the other end of the tun-nel, therefore allowing advanced geological forecasting of the unexcavated tunnel part by relative processing and im-aging. A numerical simulation of this kind of geological forecasting using the finite difference method to simulate two kinds of unfavorable geological bodies (karst and a fault) predicted them accurately and verified the effective-ness and accuracy of this geological forecasting method. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis of Ground Response and Structure Stress Induced by PBA Method北大核心CSCD

The application of prefabricated tunnel technology has been become a new research field both in China and abroad. Based on the running tunnel between Yufuhe station and Wangfuzhuang station of Jinan rail transit line R1, a new prefabricated tunnel construction technology, the PBA method is presented. This paper makes a detailed discussion on section form, supporting scheme and construction process of the PBA method. In this study, 3D a new 3D numerical model for PBA method is presented by finite difference numerical simulation software Flac and the construction processes are modeled. The rule of ground surface settlement, ground deformation and structural stress caused by PBA method is studied in detail. Results show that the structure of PBA method can effectively control the deformation magnitude and scope. Stress concentration appears at the prefabricated connection parts and the reinforcement needs to check. The total assembled structure forms the load-bearing system after the completion of the lateral wall. The built-in depth of the precast pile and pile bottom grouting quality should to be ensured to control the displacement of the precast piles. The results of this study will be a useful reference for similar projects in the future. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

A Study of Prevention Techniques for Tunnel Lining Defects北大核心CSCD

Defects of tunnel lining, such as inadequate thickness, voids, cracks, rock falling and water leakage etc., endanger the safety of railway tunnel operation. Based on the site construction, an analysis of the reasons for lining defects was conducted; technical measures against lining defects were proposed and tests were carried out at site. The results show that these measures are reliable and effective, and the purposes of prevention and treatment are re⁃ alized. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理;同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值;最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

内河航道桥梁船撞时船体最大变形量研究

目前在桥梁船撞防护的专项设计或船撞力专题研究中,对船舶撞击力的研究和桥梁在船舶撞击作用下的响应关注较多,而对船体最大变形量的研究较少。基于ANSYSLS-DYNA软件,对4种不同载质量的内河代表船舶在3种航速、2种碰撞角度下撞击4种墩型的船撞工况进行数值模拟,提取船体最大变形量,并分析船体最大变形量与船舶载质量、撞击速度、桥墩类型及撞击角度的关联性,同时与经验公式做对比。研究结果表明,撞击速度及撞击角度是船体最大变形量的主要控制因素,桥墩类型与之关系不明显。     

应用固有应变法计算焊接变形时材料模型的选择研究

分别采用理想弹塑性模型和双线性强化模型,推导出各自的固有应变计算公式,研究不同材料模型对于焊接结构变形的影响。研究结果表明,两种固有应变计算公式所预测的变形结果之间相对误差较小,即不同材料模型的选择对预测结构焊接变形的影响可以忽略。     

整体温差作用下高桩码头基桩内力计算方法

为研究高桩码头完建后整体温差对基桩内力的影响,结合工程实例,建立三维有限元模型,对上部平台温变规律进行分析,认为斜桩、直桩对上部平台温变约束作用均可忽略不计,平台处于自由温变状态,存在水平位移为零的温变发散中心。基于刚性平台自由温变规律,提出了考虑斜桩码头平动扭转的三维算法,三维算法的桩顶位移、内力与有限元结果接近。对于全直桩或近似对称的斜桩码头,还可简化为平动的二维算法。并给出了直桩、斜桩内力的估算简式,由估算式可知,位于发散同心圆上的直桩内力大于斜桩内力,桩顶轴力、弯矩与桩径2次、4次方成正比,桩径对温差内力的影响显著。