Application of Chinese Characters in the Design and Construction of the Badaling Great Wall Station of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-Speed Railway北大核心CSCD

The new Badaling tunnel is the longest tunnel on the under-construction Beijing-Zhangjiakou highspeedrailway, with the Badaling Great Wall station to be built in the tunnel. This station, which is under the Badaling Great Wall historic site, is the world’s largest underground high-speed railway station with the most complicated structure and the largest overburden and excavation area. It is therefore a representative project for China’s highspeed railway development strategy, supporting infrastructure facilities for the Beijing Horticultural Expo 2019 and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, and it is important that it be of high quality and completed safely. In the de-sign and construction of the station, the glyphs of the Chinese characters of "中",”国”,”人”and”品”are used, re-spectively, along the station route, in the rescue and evacuation mode, auxiliary adit and partial excavation, which is a way to successfully integrate the art of Chinese characters into tunnel engineering. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Influence of Light Distribution and Installation Style of Luminaires on Power Consumption and Lighting Effect of Tunnel Lighting北大核心CSCD

Light distribution (LD) and installation style of luminaires affect the utilization factor (UF) of luminaires, and the UF affects the luminaire power and road pavement illuminance and further the power consumption of illu- minating system and the luminous effect of road pavement. An UF model of tunnel lighting was established based on the luminaire LD data and installation parameters, in which four LD styles were adopted. For each LD the parame- ters optimization and simulation were conducted regarding four installation styles, e.g. central style, offset-of-vault style, symmetric style and staggered style. The energy-saving and the lighting effects of each LD and luminaire in- stallation style at the tunnel middle zone were studied. The results show that symmetric luminaire installation is the most energy-saving style and has the best lighting effect than the other three luminaire installation styles; the lighting effect of central luminaire installation is the second best; staggered luminaire installation is the most energy-intensive style and has the worst lighting effect except for some special-shaped LD; waterdrop-shaped LD is the most suitable one along transverse direction of tunnel and applicable to the central, offset-of-vault and symmetric luminaire instal- lation styles; symmetric butterfly-shaped LD is the most suitable one along longitudinal direction of tunnel and appli- cable to the central, offset-of-vault, staggered and symmetric luminaire installation styles; with waterdrop-shaped LD along transverse direction and symmetric butterfly-shaped LD along longitudinal direction, they are suitable for the above four luminaire installation styles, and have better energy-saving and lighting effect; as for the LD with symmetric and oblique curve, it’s better for the profile of oblique luminaire distribution to be comply with that along tunnel transverse direction, and it is suitable for the symmetric and offset-of-vault luminaire installation styles. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Heat Release Rate and Temperature Field of a Bus on Fire北大核心CSCD

Bus fires are a common source of fires that occur in tunnels and are a huge threat to the safety of the tunnel structure and related personnel. An elaborate numerical simulation model of a bus is established considering the different combustion characteristics of the bus body, seats, decorations and baggage. For fires occuring at the bus head, middle part or back seat, the temperature field, heat release rate (HRR) and characteristics of the fire are ana-lyzed. The HRR calculation formula is obtained by superimposing a Boltzmann curve on a Gaussian curve. The re-sults show the peak and average values of a bus HRR are 48 MW and 8.1 MW, respectively, and the released energy due to combustion is 14.5 GJ; the maximum burning temperature reaches 1 040℃ and the temperature near the door can reach 60℃ after 120 sec. The temperature rises fastest at the bus door when the fire occurs at the rear of the bus and it has a high chance of detonating the fuel tank. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Dynamic Evaluation of Reliability and Stability of the Primary Support of a Tunnel北大核心CSCD

The evaluation of the stability of a tunnel’s primary support is a crucial component of ensuring the safety of subsequent construction. In light of the measured clearance displacements of the Wushishan Tunnel, the reliabili-ty of the primary support is evaluated dynamically and the design of the support structure is optimized. The research results show that full displacement and ultimate displacement are two main parameters for tunnel reliability analy-sis: the former can be obtained by positive and negative analysis, and the latter can be acquired by simulating a field measurement of displacement. It is not sufficient to apply the data specified in the code for railway tunnel design re-liability regarding determination of the reliability of a road tunnel structure using reliability theory, and it is neces-sary to use reliability theory to amend the standard of allowable empirical displacement in the Code of Road Tunnel Design. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

中天山隧道TBM施工机械台班维护费研究

为解决再制造TBM隧道施工机械台班维护费随工作台班数变化的成本支出控制问题,为相关企业的造价管理提供理论支撑,通过对西康秦岭隧道TB880E型全断面岩石掘进机施工现场统计的维护费数据进行分析,建立维护费和TBM台班数的数学关系模型,提炼出TBM维护费随台班数的发展函数关系式,验证中考虑到TBM停滞期间发生费用和局部再制造费用对工作台班数的影响,最后以中天山隧道等项目的TBM维护费支出情况来验证理论的正确性。得出： TBM隧道施工机械台班维护费和工作台班数存在一定的函数关系; 研究思路和成果可为今后类似隧道工程在前期概算编制、成本控制等方面提供参考,为铁路行业的管理者在今后制定相关TBM隧道施工企业定额、项目精细化管理提供借鉴。     

高黎贡山隧道破碎地层TBM施工技术与应对方法研究

为解决大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道出口段岩石破碎地质影响TBM施工的问题,针对掌子面前方破碎围岩,提出掌子面前方化学灌浆加固、小导洞开挖及超前管棚等方法联合帮助TBM脱困,同时提出护盾向前延伸、刮渣口限粒板加密的TBM设备改进应对方法; 针对破碎围岩露出护盾后易塌落问题,提出隧道顶部加强初期支护和化学灌浆、隧道腰部立模灌浆、隧道底部机械化清渣的应对方法。现场实践表明： 采用上述方法,有效降低了TBM在破碎地层掘进刀盘被卡的风险,即使刀盘被卡也能在可控的时间内及时脱困; 同时还有效提高了TBM通过破碎地层的施工速度。     

关于高速公路隧道监控系统的应用与管理

阐述高速公路隧道监控系统功能,探讨隧道监控系统在运营管理中的作用和重要性,研究隧道监控系统的管理方法,维护措施,为高速公路正常运营和隧道安全提供可靠保障,提高运营管理单位应急处置能力和手段。在高速公路运营管理中,不断融入新科技、新技术,并充分发挥他们的作用,为国民经济发展和当地社会经济提供有力支持。     

松树岭隧道复合式衬砌法中防水层的施工工艺

本文对复合式衬砌法中防水层的设计和施工工艺进行探讨,论述防水层施工中的技术要点,探讨提高防水层防水效果的关键工艺。     

黄延高速公路彦麦沟黄土隧道综合施工技术

结合工程实际,对黄土公路隧道的综合施工技术进行了探讨。主要对黄土隧道边仰坡防护技术、明洞施工技术、Ⅰ类及Ⅱ类围岩开挖和支护技术、超前小导管施工技术、结构防排水施工技术、洞身二次衬砌施工技术、仰拱施工技术以及洞内路面施工技术等进行了介绍,可为以后类似工程的施工提供借鉴作用。     

管棚成孔失水引起地表沉降因素分析

利用Biot固结理论,对管棚成孔和推进过程中因渗水而引起的沉降进行计算分析,研究管棚施工时间、管棚数量、不同的管棚直径和地层不同的渗透系数对地表沉降的影响。分析结果表明,若管棚施工从钻孔到注浆的时间控制在2 h以内,则地表最大沉降量小于5 mm;若该时间为8 h,则对应的地表沉降量可达10mm。随着管棚直径的增加,管棚施工中因失水引起的地表沉降量也随之增加。地层渗透系数的大小对沉降量的影响很大。提出控制管棚成孔和推进时间、尽可能地缩短管棚施工时间、采用小直径管棚、管棚施工中采用间隔施工等控制失水沉降的技术措施。