一种改进的快速压缩跟踪算法

为研究目标跟踪问题,构造多种不同尺度的滤波器对目标进行滤波,生成目标高维特征;利用符合有限等距性质要求的稀疏矩阵对高维特征进行采样,获得目标低维特征.采用朴素贝叶斯分类器输出与Bhattacharyya系数乘积的形式作为目标与候选目标之间的相似性度量,并选择最大值所对应的候选目标作为下一帧中的目标.文中提出了一种改进的快速压缩跟踪算法.实验表明,该改进的算法能够对目标进行有效跟踪.     

横向应力传感系统的光子晶体光纤的有限元分析

建立了光子晶体光纤在横向应力作用下的力学模型,对不同结构的光子晶体光纤的力学特性进行了仿真分析.研究了横向应力作用下,光子晶体光纤的形变与结构参数的关系.对用于横向应力传感的光子晶体光纤结构的优化设计提出了设计建议.     

一种基于无人机倾斜摄影的三维路网提取方法

三维路网是重要的基础地理信息数据,为了快速高效地获取包括路网在内的地表三维模型,可以采用无人机倾斜摄影技术,并设计相应的三维路网提取方法。在对无人机倾斜摄影三维模型、道路特性分析的基础上,提出一种基于无人机倾斜摄影的三维路网提取方法。首先,对无人机倾斜摄影和三维建模方法进行了分析,设计了针对三维路网提取的航空摄影策略和数据处理流程。分析了真实三维模型的构成,并结合道路在材质、形态等方面的特殊性提出了可用于道路提取的三维模型特征。然后,以三维模型中的三角面片为处理对象,开展了相关分割方法研究,消除存在混合地物的面片。利用支持向量机方法和面片的多种特征,进行了道路面片识别。最后,设计了道路面片三维连接方法和道路边缘三维修正方法,实现了面片间的连接以及道路边缘的有效修正。此外,还以北京某地区为例开展实际数据采集、三维建模和三维路网提取试验,介绍了倾斜摄影、控制点验证点数据采集以及三维模型的采集和生产过程;利用所提出的方法进行路网提取试验,得到了该区域的三维路网数据成果,并从定性和定量2个角度对成果进行评价。试验结果表明：所提出的方法可以有效地从倾斜摄影三维模型上提取路网信息,其平面和高程的精度均可满足一般导航等应用的要求。     

遥感与GIS技术在港口环境监测与管理中的应用初探

利用遥感与GIS技术对日照港港口的多时相遥感数据进行了处理,提取了涉及港口环境的植被覆盖率、岸线资源等信息,同时对港口附近海域水体中的叶绿素和悬浮物等指标进行了定量反演。通过对处理结果的分析,对日照港的环境现状和近年来的环境质量变化给出评价并提出了一些在遥感与GIS技术应用中应注意的问题。遥感与GIS在日照港的应用表明,遥感与GIS技术可以快速、准确大面积地获取港口周边区域的环境信息,有效地弥补传统监测手段的不足。     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

遥感图像融合最新进展及展望

文章综述了遥感图像融合的基本概念,研究了遥感图像融合的分类及常用方法,对遥感图像融合评价进行了探讨,系统深入地分析了遥感图像融合面临的问题,指出了未来的发展趋势及解决问题的方向。     

An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and SST satellite imagery

An algorithm is described for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll (Chl) and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery. The algorithm is based on a gradient approach: the main novelty is a shape-preserving, scale-sensitive, contextual median filter applied selectively and iteratively until convergence. This filter has been developed specifically for Chl since these fields have spatial patterns such as chlorophyll enhancement at thermohaline fronts and small- and meso-scale chlorophyll blooms that are not present in SST fields. Linear Chl enhancements and localized (point-wise) blooms are modeled as ridges and peaks respectively, whereas conventional fronts in Chl and SST fields are modeled as steps or ramps. Examples are presented of the algorithm performance using modeled (synthetic) images as well as synoptic Chl and SST imagery. After testing, the algorithm was used on > 6000 synoptic images, 1999–2007, to produce climatologies of Chl and SST fronts off the U.S. Northeast.     

浅谈公路环评解译工作中遥感影像的选择

对目前公路环评解译工作中常用的TM、SPOT5、QUICK BIRD等影像在分辨率、波谱特征和经济性等方面进行了对比,得知TM影像在分辨率、波谱特性、价格方面均满足公路环评工作的需要,是适合公路环评工作的卫星影像。并以神池至河曲高速公路所在地区的TM影像为例,运用Chavezetal提出的最佳指数法得到了该区域解译的最优波段组合。     

基于感知能力的微观交通流动力学建模与仿真

基于驾驶员驾驶行为感知能力，提出了一种新的微观交通流动力学模型. 通过理论分析和数值模拟，对新模型的性能进行了详细的研究分析. 通过理论分析，基于线性稳定性理论，得到了新模型的稳定性条件. 通过数值模拟，深入分析了各参数对密度波和迟滞环的影响，进而对交通流稳定性的影响. 仿真算例结果表明：驾驶员感知能力对交通流稳定性有显著影响，车头距离变化信息可有效增强交通流的稳定性，对stop-and-go 交通拥堵有显著抑制作用，但不可避免的感知缓冲时间会破坏交通稳定性，进而产生严重的stop-and-go 交通拥堵；密度波和迟滞环的数值仿真结果与理论分析结果吻合得很好，验证了理论分析结果.     

厦门湾悬沙分布的多时相遥感分析

利用厦门湾地区多时相遥感图像反演出表层悬沙浓度分布图,进而定性分析不同径流和潮流下悬沙分布规律。研究表明,九龙江河口湾为该地区悬沙浓度最高的区域,分布上具有"西高东低"的特征。全湾悬沙来源主要为两部分:径流来沙以及波浪和潮流掀沙。潮流运动是泥沙输送的主要动力,由于弗劳德数分布不同而引起的潮流挟沙力空间差异,是影响厦门湾悬沙分布的主导因素。利用实测泥沙资料将不同时相下瞬时悬沙浓度转换为全潮平均悬沙浓度以进行定量分析,结果表明悬沙浓度具有大潮大于小潮,枯季大于洪季的特征。