厦门湾悬沙分布的多时相遥感分析

利用厦门湾地区多时相遥感图像反演出表层悬沙浓度分布图,进而定性分析不同径流和潮流下悬沙分布规律。研究表明,九龙江河口湾为该地区悬沙浓度最高的区域,分布上具有"西高东低"的特征。全湾悬沙来源主要为两部分:径流来沙以及波浪和潮流掀沙。潮流运动是泥沙输送的主要动力,由于弗劳德数分布不同而引起的潮流挟沙力空间差异,是影响厦门湾悬沙分布的主导因素。利用实测泥沙资料将不同时相下瞬时悬沙浓度转换为全潮平均悬沙浓度以进行定量分析,结果表明悬沙浓度具有大潮大于小潮,枯季大于洪季的特征。     

水下分布式远程感知技术的发展

目前,水下分布式远程感知技术已经具备了快速发展的基本条件,备受各主要海军国家的重视,预期在未来5~10年内将会有重大进展。但水下分布式远程感知技术的发展还面临着从基础、理论到实践的众多课题,包括系统构成和运用的概念,分布式传感器阵对目标的探测、分类和识别,固定、可部署传感器和移动节点构成的传感器场的配置,水下分布式网络的通信和控制,以及系统的部署和保障等。本文讨论水下分布式远程感知系统的基本组成,实现系统功能所面临的主要挑战,需要关注的主要关键技术,并提出相应的看法和建议。     

无人机技术在航标领域应用展望

无人机技术的应用可以对海上航标巡检、损害评估、应急反应、节能减排提供有效的解决方案。利用无人机获取的中、高分辨率遥感影像可以对辖区水域航标状况、通航环境以及海洋环境变化情况提供定量和直观的判断依据,与现有航标管理手段相结合,可以构成海上巡检、陆地遥测遥控、空中监测的立体航标维护保障体系,同时满足应对海上突发事件的需求。     

视角受限传感器网络强栅栏覆盖判定算法

栅栏覆盖研究如何分配网络时空资源来确保移动目标穿越监控区域时被监测．本文通过视角受限节点传感方向的调整,设计一种分布式算法以判定网络能否提供强栅栏覆盖．算法主要思想是利用节点及邻居节点的物理位置关系构建强／弱栅栏对．另外,本文设计贪心策略优先选择邻居节点数多的候选节点构建强栅栏路径．仿真实验证明：本算法可以较小代价判定并改善网络强栅栏覆盖性能．     

环境小卫星在大连新港溢油事故监测中的应用

“7.16”大连新港溢油事故是建国以来大连市最严重的溢油事件.事故发生后,政府积极利用遥感技术对油污信息和清污效果进行了监测.环境小卫星是我国自主研制的卫星星座,具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,能够基本满足油污清除需求.在溢油应急期间,尽管天气条件比较恶劣,环境小卫星依然获取了6景影像数据,有效地掌握了油污分布和清污情况.随着环境小卫星星座的最终建成,完全可以胜任包括溢油监测在内的众多环境灾害监测任务.     

船舶智能感知车间的网络构建及系统应用

针对船舶制造现场缺乏实时感知系统、船舶制造车间未构建数据传输至工位的通信系统等问题,应用网络构建技术和信息采集与传输技术,构建船舶智能感知车间网络,实现船舶制造车间内部的“人、机、料”互联,达到数据采集的多源异构性和实时性,提高设备综合利用率和船厂管理水平。     

Speed-independent vibration-based terrain classification for passenger vehicles

Terrain physical characteristics can have a significant impact on passenger vehicle handling, ride quality, and stability. Here, an algorithm is presented to classify terrain using a single suspension-mounted accelerometer. The algorithm passes a measured acceleration signal through a dynamic vehicle model to estimate the terrain profile, and then extracts spatial frequency components of this estimated profile. A method is introduced to identify and remove terrain impulses from the profile that are caused by ruts and potholes. Finally, a supervised support vector machine is employed to classify profile segments as members of pre-defined classes (such as asphalt, brick, gravel, etc.). The classification algorithm is validated with experimental data collected with a passenger vehicle driving in real-world conditions. The algorithm is shown to classify multiple terrain types with reasonable accuracy at a range of typical automotive speeds. It is also shown that the removal of terrain impulses prior to classification improves classifier performance.     

Rolling horizon control framework for driver assistance systems. Part II: Cooperative sensing and cooperative control

This contribution furthers the control framework for driver assistance systems in Part I to cooperative systems, where equipped vehicles can exchange relevant information via vehicle-to-vehicle communication to improve the awareness of the ambient situation (cooperative sensing) and to manoeuvre together under a common goal (cooperative control). To operationalize the cooperative sensing strategy, the framework is applied to the development of a multi-anticipative controller, where an equipped vehicle uses information from its direct predecessor to predict the behaviour of its pre-predecessor. To operationalize the cooperative control strategy, we design cooperative controllers for sequential equipped vehicles in a platoon, where they collaborate to optimise a joint objective. The cooperative control strategy is not restricted to cooperation between equipped vehicles. When followed by a human-driven vehicle, equipped vehicles can still exhibit cooperative behaviour by predicting the behaviour of the human-driven follower, even if the prediction is not perfect.The performance of the proposed controllers are assessed by simulating a platoon of 11 vehicles with reference to the non-cooperative controller proposed in Part I. Evaluations show that the multi-anticipative controller generates smoother behaviour in accelerating phase. By a careful choice of the running cost specification, cooperative controllers lead to smoother decelerating behaviour and more responsive and agile accelerating behaviour compared to the non-cooperative controller. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed controllers provide new insights into the potential impact of cooperative systems on traffic flow operations, particularly at the congestion head and tail.     

Transport and society1

In 1963, the Buchanan Report in the UK advocated a combination of new road capacity, improved public transport and traffic restraint as a means to tackle congestion. Forty years on, and the advice from many transport experts remains the same. However, the scale and complexity of the problems associated with a mobility‐dependent society have grown. The need for politicians to make tough but realistic policy decisions on transport is now becoming unavoidable. They must confront the realities of living with the car as must the general public. Policymakers now also have social well‐being and sustainable development moving higher on their agendas alongside transport. Against such a backdrop, the paper makes the case for transport research, policy and practice to acknowledge more fully the inherent links between transport and society. It argues that greater recognition and understanding of such links is crucial to confronting the present realities. Transport does not merely serve society: it shapes society, as in turn society shapes transport. The future of each is dependent on the other, and this fact must be recognized. The paper advocates in turn that the transport profession must move from its heartlands in engineering and economics also to embrace more fully such disciplines as sociology and psychology. A factual picture of the many facets of present‐day society is presented and the implications for travel demand are discussed. Through considering phenomena such as social norms and habitual behaviour, it is then argued that the travel choices and behaviour of individuals are not simply a matter of economic optimization. This points to the need for decision‐makers to be furnished with better evidence about the transport problems faced and the potential efficacy of measures that might be taken. Discussion of public attitudes and the role of the media are included in the context of assessing how politicians can be encouraged and supported in their implementation of realistic but unpopular policies. Evidence and experience within the paper are UK based, although many of the issues and arguments apply world wide.