窄间隙焊缝跟踪电弧传感方法及特性研究

为了推广应用高效高质量的窄间隙电弧焊方法,迫切需要解决焊缝跟踪问题。针对新型高速旋转电弧焊接工艺,建立了一种窄间隙焊缝跟踪电弧传感检测方法及系统,并分析了电弧传感器的工作特性。试验结果表明:通过计算电弧旋转中心前点两侧一定区域内电弧电流(或电压)信号的积分差,旋转电弧传感系统能够有效地检测出焊缝偏差,其传感检测灵敏度受电弧电信号积分域和被检电信号种类(电弧电流或电压)等影响。     

基于高光谱数据的东海近海悬浮泥沙浓度估测研究

本文旨在寻找悬浮泥沙浓度的遥感反演估测模型,并进行验证。现场持光谱仪利用水面以上法测量较少实测区东海近海二类水体的高光谱反射率,并同步获取水样分析泥沙浓度。通过对试验数据的分析发现,水体反射光谱有明显的"双峰"现象,即在可见光波段(560~720 nm)和近红外波段(810 nm)出现两个明显的反射峰。本文基于相关分析和最小二乘法建立了单波段及波段比值与泥沙浓度关系的回归方程。结果选择815 nm处单波段及815/555波段比值进行回归的拟合精度好,并且泥沙浓度对数和光谱反射率的反演效果最好。     

综合勘察技术在木寨岭特长隧道中的应用

兰渝铁路木寨岭特长隧道具有埋深较大、高地应力、构造发育、板岩夹炭质板岩大面积分布的特点,在勘测过程中,针对该特点,采用多种勘察手段,发挥遥感的宏观控制作用,以地质调绘为基础,利用综合物探的解译,辅以钻孔加以验证,在实际工作中收到了很好的效果。为以后山区铁路长大隧道的勘察提供了经验。     

卫星遥感在海战场环境建设中的应用

海洋战场环境建设是决定未来海战胜负的关键性因素。随着海洋技术的不断发展，卫星遥感作为一种新兴的探测方式，在海战场环境建设中的作用也不断增加。与传统海洋探测方式进行了比较，介绍了主要传感器的应用，分析各国现状及发展趋势。     

太行山特长隧道综合勘察技术的应用与效果

研究目的:太行山隧道地形地质条件极为复杂,通过采用综合勘察技术以查明隧道的工程地质和水文地质条件。研究方法:针对隧道复杂的地质条件与设计要求,阐述各种勘察方法的使用原则、工作内容、工作程序和应用效果。研究结果:综合勘察结果表明,太行山隧道岩溶、地下水不发育,不会发生大的突水突泥、岩爆、有害气体等地质灾害;全隧道除长约4.5 km的膏溶角砾岩和部分断裂破碎带工程地质性质较差外,整体上工程地质条件较好。目前隧道施工进展顺利,综合勘察技术的应用取得了显著的技术、社会和经济效益。研究结论:对于地形地质条件复杂的长大隧道,以地质调绘为基础,发挥遥感的宏观作用,利用物探解译、钻探验证,开展综合勘察技术研究和分析评价是做好隧道地质勘察工作的关键。     

遥感影像在电子地图生产中的应用

以SPOT、TM遥感影像为主要数据源 ,介绍了多源遥感影像融合技术以及电子地图的生产技术流程     

三维“大场景”遥感技术在西康高铁地质勘察中的应用

包家山越岭段地形地质条件复杂、岩石软硬不均、不良地质和断裂构造发育,为西康高铁地质选线带来较大的困难。为提高勘察效率和质量,根据区域地质资料、三维大场景遥感影像特征及野外调查,建立工作区地质构造解译标志,对其地质构造、地层岩性及不良地质体进行遥感判释。综合三维大场景立体遥感技术和野外调查手段,建立岩类基本的遥感影像解译标志,以便对岩性进行综合判释;调查验证测区的地质构造及不良地质体的分布状态及规模,分析滑坡等不良地质现象的分布、规模及其特征。取得了较高精度的遥感地质解译信息,判释准确率较高,为铁路选线方案提供重要依据。     

TW-2系统测重设备轴重异常报警分析及解决方案

针对近年来部分驼峰场TW-2型驼峰控制系统使用的测重设备的轴重异常报警频发的现象,通过分析典型轴重异常报警故障,找出问题的主要原因,提出有效的解决方案并成功运用于现场,取得良好的效果,可为后续工程设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Surface chlorophyll in the Black Sea over 1978–1986 derived from satellite and in situ data

Absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatial and seasonal variations in the Black Sea were assessed by using satellite CZCS and in situ data. Since the satellite CZCS had operated for the 1978–1986 period, CZCS data was used for assessing the past state of the Black Sea just before the onset of drastic changes observed in late 1980s. The approach used for the calculation of the absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration from CZCS data was based on the direct comparison of in situ chlorophyll a data and those of CZCS and by applying the algorithm developed for the transformation of CZCS data into chlorophyll a values. CZCS Level 2 data related with pigment concentration having a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir were used. The daily Level 3 files were derived by binning Level 2 values into 4-km grid cells and the monthly and seasonal Level 3 files were created by averaging the daily Level 3 files over the corresponding period. In situ chlorophyll a data were obtained by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in 15 scientific cruises over the 1978–1986 period. Total number of ship-measured data used for the comparison with those CZCS values was 590.Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) was derived from CZCS values (C) with regression equations Chl=kC; the coefficient of transformation k was calculated from six different data sets by taking into account distinctions between subregions and seasons. The reasons for difference in the k values have been analyzed.Statistical comparison of the chlorophyll a values measured in situ and those derived from CZCS data was based on log-transformed data and gave the following results: regression SLOPE=0.842, regression INTERCEPT=−0.081, coefficient of determination (R²)=0.806, root–mean–square ERROR=0.195. The mean monthly chlorophyll a distributions derived from CZCS data over 1978–1986 have been constructed and the mean seasonal chlorophyll a values in different regions have been calculated and analyzed. The significant difference in chlorophyll concentration between the western shelf regions and the open part of the Black Sea has been demonstrated, especially in warm season. At almost all seasons, the highest chlorophyll concentration is observed in the western interior shelf region which is under strong influence of Danube. The summer mean chlorophyll concentration in this region is 18 times higher than that in the open parts and about nine times higher than in the eastern shelf region. The greatest seasonal variations are observed in the open part of the Black Sea: chlorophyll concentration in cold season is four to six times higher than in summer and three to five times higher than in April and October. To the contrary, in the western interior shelf regions, the concentration is higher in May–October (about twice than that in November–March). Seasonal variations in the western outer shelf regions are smoothed out as compared with both the western interior shelf and the open regions.     

A summary of the formation and seasonal progression of the Northeast Water Polynya

A summary of the seasonal development of the Northeast Water Polynya ice cover characteristics is presented. This is based primarily on satellite remote sensing observations, with some in situ measurements, including both new and published data.