Effect of parking information on travelers' knowledge and behavior

In many urban centers the demand for parking increases sharply before Christmas mainly due to shopping activity — causing parking congestion. One way to ameliorate such congestion is by disseminating parking information. Informed drivers may divert to relatively under-utilized parking facilities relieving the pressure on congested facilities. The City of Nottingham in England tested a real-time parking information system designed to alleviate congestion in the City Center parking facilities. Real-time information was disseminated through the radio, while historical information regarding parking locations was disseminated through newspaper advertisements and leaflets. The objective of this study is to assess impacts of the parking information system on travelers' knowledge and decisions.Survey research was used to understand traveler response. Respondents' levels of knowledge regarding car parks were analyzed by developing Poisson regression models. Drivers were more likely to have greater knowledge of city center car parks if they used several information sources (radio broadcasts, newspaper advertisements or leaflets and word-of-mouth), were active seekers of parking information, and searched for parking rather than going directly to a parking facility. In addition, the study of behavior showed that drivers were more inclined to use the relatively under-utilized Park-and-Ride facilities instead of the city center car parks if they received parking information from Newspaper advertisements/leaflets. Overall, the parking information service in Nottingham was effective; it seems reasonable to establish such information dissemination and monitoring systems at parking facilities in other urban areas. Furthermore, to support informed travel and activity participation decisions, parking information should be integrated with traffic and transit information.     

美国东北部城市群多层次轨道交通系统研究

美国东北部城市群多层次轨道交通系统包括城际铁路与区域铁路、市郊铁路和捷运系统以及连接枢纽,各个层次的轨道交通系统服务对象、服务范围明确,线路参数与服务需求相匹配,通过交通枢纽可以便捷换乘。另外,美国也针对各城市群进行整体轨道交通发展规划,进一步完善多层次轨道交通系统。对比我国城市群轨道交通系统发展现状提出建议:亟需确立结构完整和功能明确的系统框架,并以城市群为对象进行统一规划与资源整合。     

从美国职业分类系统看我国职业教育的发展

从职业分类内涵出发，介绍了美国各种职业分类系统的发展现状和特点，着重从制定人才培养目标、技能型人才培养、人才综合素质、职业规划与就业指导服务等方面探讨了职业分类对促进职业教育发展的促进作用。     

中美隧道二次衬砌结构设计规范对比研究

隧道设计规范是开展设计工作的依据,将我国隧道相关设计规范与国际先进国家技术标准对标,有助于提高我国工程建设企业的国际化竞争力。通过文献调研和计算分析对比研究了中美隧道二次衬砌结构设计的异同,并且从设计准则、极限状态划分、设计使用年限、材料特性、荷载分类和组合以及结构设计方法等方面展开对比,结合工程实例研究分析,结果表明：《公路隧道设计规范》（JDG 3370.1—2018）的设计参数更加保守、安全,能更好的保证隧道衬砌结构的安全性和耐久性,更有利于隧道二次衬砌的长期安全服役。     

基于MCC标准的阿联酋集装箱港区视频监控系统解决方案

港口安全生产是港口企业正常运转的基本保障,视频监控系统在港口安防工作中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着近年来信息化网络技术的发展,网络化视频监控技术得到充分利用,为港口提供智能化服务,提高安防水平。结合阿布扎比集装箱码头工程,阐述阿联酋(UAE)地区监控管理中心(MCC)所制定的安全监控标准及视频监控系统标准下的港口视频监控系统设计方案,分析网络视频监控的优势,从网络化、安防等角度阐述MCC的具体要求及特点,并与中国视频监控标准进行对比分析,为承揽该地区类似项目的公司提供参考。     

联大一般性辩论中标记性主位的英汉同传

联合国大会常会分为两个阶段:前段主要为一般性辩论,后段为对其他各项议程项目的讨论和审议。本文旨在讨论联大一般性辩论发言的英汉同声传译对标记性主位的处理策略,包括这些策略在同声传译训练中的适用性及其特点。     

Energy efficiency,technological change and the dieselization of agriculture in the United States

This study focuses on the increase in the relative importance of diesel fuel consumption on farms in the United States over the 1971–1989 period. Four factors are identified as being central to the observed trend. These include the relative efficiency of diesel powered equipment versus gasoline powered equipment, technological changes that have impacted energy efficiency, the trend towards larger farms, and the enhanced energy conservation by farmers as a result of the adoption of reduced tillage practices.     

Altruism,selfishness and coastal resources

Abstract

The basis for coastal zone management in the United States is established in legislation. In comparison, Canadian federal and provincial governments have adopted a piecemeal approach for managing a variety of concerns examined here: water quality, ecological protection, public access, aesthetics, natural hazards, and water dependency. As a result of this approach, which is characterized by a minimum of federal, provincial, and interjurisdictional coordination, the British Columbia coastal zone is showing signs of stress. For example, major shellfish harvesting areas are being lost to water pollution; ecologically sensitive habitats are being consumed by urban, commercial, and industrial expansion; recreation and tourism opportunities are being impaired by clear cutting and other inappropriate developments; and infrastructure is allowed in flood and erosion‐prone areas. Recommendations to improve the approach to coastal management in British Columbia include a variety of innovations. New federal and provincial policies, legislation, institutions, and experimentation with local and regional integrated resource planning are required to better govern the coastal zone. Increased support for existing agencies, public involvement, and access to information as well as more common use of environmental impact studies are needed to justify proposed coastal developments.     

美国铁路客车的发展动向与水平

文章阐述了美国地铁、高速列车等轨道车辆的发展水平、动态,以及铁道车辆市场现状。介绍了美国针对铁路事故而开展提高车辆强度、抗碰撞能力的研究及取得的成果。     

美国慈善事业的现状分析:一种比较视角

分析了当代美国慈善事业的现状，进而探讨慈善事业在促进社会发展中的重要功能，其中包括对社会福利的有益补充、体现人道关怀、弥补市场运行与政府管理功能的不足等；从运行机制的角度，探讨了美国慈善事业发展的机制及其不足。在此基础上，从比较的角度，探讨了中国在这方面借鉴美国经验的可能性。