城市错位交叉口信号控制方案优化研究

针对城市中心地区较为常见的错位交叉口带来的交通问题,结合南京市中航科技城开发建设项目,对错位交叉口的交通信号联动控制方法进行研究,以保证错位交叉口运行的顺畅性和安全性.基于错位交叉口信号联动控制模型的建立,以南京市航空路一瑞金路一尚书巷形成的错位交叉口为研究对象,利用Vissim建立错位交叉口的仿真环境,对城市错位交叉口的运行状态进行了评价.研究结果表明通过优化错位交叉口信号控制策略,可以提高错位交叉口的通行能力,减少交叉口车辆的延误,达到改善交叉口运行环境的目的.     

快速路与邻接交叉口分散换道和速度引导方法

研究车路协同城市快速路与邻接交叉口主线分散换道和速度引导自适应控制方法. 对高饱和度入口匝道与邻接交叉口，提出主线分散换道自适应控制方法，依据合流区上游不同车道密度制定换道规则，以主线流量最大化为目标确定邻接交叉口相位相序；对出口匝道存在超长排队，提出主线速度引导自适应控制方法，依据主线上游车辆目的地确定速度引导策略，以出口匝道需求与通行能力相匹配为目标确定出口匝道关联相位优先权. 采用元胞自动机模型仿真验证，结果表明，所提方法与非协调控制、传统协调控制、车路协同交叉口自适应控制相比，区域流量分别提高17.38%、5.52%、10.06%，总时间消耗分别下降35.86%、 26.21%、17.39%.     

城市道路交叉口行人违章行为心理研究

交叉口是各种交通工具的交汇点,行人在交叉口的违章行为很突出,是诱发交通事故的主要原因之一.为了找出行人违章的行为规律和原因,通过在交叉口观测,对违章行人进行访谈以及对特定对象进行调查问卷,了解行人违章的规律和心理原因,并分析了行人违章的心理活动过程.指出行人违章的主要原因是节约时间、交叉口设计不合理、从众心理、侥幸心理、无人管理等,由于安全需要的优势地位被其他需要取代,客观环境又为行人违章提供了条件,在各种条件的共同作用下,最终产生了违章行为.最后,结合行人违章行为的心理分析结论,提出加强安全教育,改善行人交通设施,加大对违章行人处罚力度三方面措施,减少和预防行人违章行为的发生.     

基于道路平面交叉口安全的视距评价

平面交叉口是整个道路网中安全较为薄弱的环节,每条车道都应该能为驾驶员提供足够的视距来保证行车的安全.针对于交叉口视距评价问题,文章阐述了二维停车视距模型和模型的计算方法,给出了不同类型交叉口处的视距评价方法,并利用视距三角形对泰州某些具体交叉口展开视距安全评价,提出了改善措施,可为保障交叉口视距和提高交叉口安全性提供参考.     

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混合交通是我国城市交通的主要特征，特别是在平面信号交叉口。同相位不同方向行驶的机动车和自行车之间产生大量的干扰，严重影响了交叉口的通行能力，增加了安全隐患，给交通管理带来了难以治理的问题。微观行为模型是研究机非混合交通的有效工具，本文基于三相位信号控制交叉口处的机非混合交通问题，分析了影响机动车右转弯通过交叉口的主要因素，建立了右转机动车在信号交叉口内穿越直行自行车的微观行为模型和自由行驶模型，并利用实测数据对模型参数进行了标定，验证了模型的有效性。该模型揭示了信号交叉口处的机非干扰机理，为进一步研究混合交通条件下机动车的微观行为模型提供了一种方便、高效的仿真分析手段。     

现代有轨电车交叉口交通组织研究

现代有轨电车通常采用地面线路,其在城市道路断面中的布置形式以及在交叉路口的交通组织形式对有轨电车的运营效率和城市交通运输系统有重要影响.对现代有轨电车路权分类、车道布置形式、交叉路口交通组织方式进行了分析,为我国城市发展现代有轨电车提供参考.     

Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model

This paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.