机舱油水分离设备的营运检验

船舶舱底水对海洋环境的污染、船舶油水分离器的工作效果直接关系到是否满足MARPOL73/78公约的要求。通过对营运船舶油水分离器的检验方法,保证船舶油水分离器的工作效果。     

建设节约型社会解决三峡库区水污染研究

通过对三峡库区水污染严重性的综述,说明水资源总量控制的重要性和综合防治水污染的紧迫性.对人们自觉的改变用水习惯,增强节水减污意识,保护自然资源,优化生态环境,建设节约型社会,循环经济的实施,保持国民经济的可持续发展有着重要的现实意义.此外,笔者还提出了改善库区水污染的若干建议和具体措施.     

采用喷风冷却工艺提高淬火钢轨性能的研究

钢轨喷风淬火工艺采用单一的冷却介质压缩空气,使淬火冷却均匀性得到提高,而且不受钢轨表面状态对淬火质量的影响,便于生产管理。由于在冷却装置中加入侧面喷风冷却,淬火硬度分布更合理,有利于提高淬火钢轨抗侧磨能力。线路铺设使用也表明,喷风淬火钢轨比喷雾淬火钢轨具有更好的抗剥离性。根据目前国内淬火线生产状况,提出调整钢轨的成分和采用喷风冷却工艺是当前迫切需要解决的问题。     

Impacts of motor vehicle operation on water quality in the US – Cleanup costs and policies

This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up.     

积极开展牵引电气设备的绿色设计研究

阐述了开展绿色设计的重要意义,介绍了资源最佳利用原则、环境设计原则、产品结构设计原则、社会经济效益最佳原则以及绿色设计技术和方法的研究等.     

轨道交通延伸工程车站信号改造方案

在上海轨道交通2号线西延伸信号系统工程中，中山公园终端车站根据运营需要，对其信号系统功能进行了改造。现就改造的技术方案进行探讨，重点介绍方案的比选、虚拟信号机的功能与设置、并对延伸改造后的系统功能进行介绍。对于国内其他城市轨道交通线路延伸工程信号系统的改造具有一定参考意义。     

空气弹簧的刚度及阻尼特性研究

介绍了空气弹簧的热力学特性,对空气弹簧的垂直刚度特性和阻尼特性进行了分析。结果表明:空气弹簧的刚度不仅与其静平衡位置时的压力和容积有关,还与其有效面积变化率和体积变化率有关。空气弹簧的阻尼特性与空气弹簧本身结构有关,同时还受外界激扰频率及振幅的影响。当外界激扰条件发生变化,空气弹簧系统的阻尼特性也将随之改变。     

铁道机车风笛声学性能试验研究

针对鸣笛噪声对铁路沿线和附近居民以及铁路工作人员带来严重干扰的问题,将JA型风笛与现有的风笛进行了对比,结合标准对JA型风笛进行了现场试验和声学性能分析,为提供既能满足险情信号的要求又能符合环保要求的设备提供了参考。     

Valuation of externalities through neo-classical methods by including institutional variables

Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream.