Discussions on rail in urban areas and rail history

This paper includes discussions on rail in urban areas and railway history. More specifically commonly used terms and definitions for rail services, policy and practice in urban areas are discussed followed by an overview of railway developments around the world.     

The design of a terminal for dangerous goods

This paper aims at examining the possibility of setting up a model terminal for the transportation of dangerous goods. It should be designed in such a manner that its use would be possible for any kind of transportation.

This consideration has been prompted by the interface between transportation planning and technology, as well as by the tendency for harmonizing international recommendations pertaining to the transportation and handling of dangerous goods, especially during the last decades where unified transport has gained ground due to the advantages provided for the safe consignment of dangerous cargoes.

Since the large increase in terminal productivity is due to the heavy investments that were effected in terminal installations and to the modernization of the administration‐management of terminals, a mathematical simulation has been adopted to assist the determination of the capacity of a terminal for dangerous goods.

It is evident that different criteria and various assumptions have been taken into account in order to facilitate a deeper analysis, without ignoring the contribution of dangerous goods to the socio‐economic development.

From the outset of the study, it was already clear that the said process will make it possible to present—as a model—a simple but well defined situation for the purpose of drawing useful conclusions.     

城市土地利用对交通需求特性影响研究

针对长期以来关于城市土地利用对交通需求特性影响研究中存在的争论,系统分析了土地利用、社会经济属性和交通需求三者之间的关系。建立多元线性回归模型,分别考察人口密度、土地混合程度、家庭收入和家庭大小对于交通出行次数、交通方式、出行距离和出行时长的影响。通过对回归模型显著性水平的检验,找出真正具有内在联系的因素。最后阐述了土地利用与交通相关研究的意义,指出未来研究方向。     

仿真求解快速路交织区通行能力

由于交织区通行能力的影响因素众多,没有所谓理想的道路条件,而现阶段在我国由于资金、技术等各方面的限制,不能够获得大量的实测数据,因此,用统计分析的方法确定其通行能力有很大的困难。用一个实例详细地介绍了用标定过的仿真软件CORSIM模型求解交织区通行能力的方法、步骤,其中,重点完成了模型freesim-setup中对通行能力有重要影响的8个参数的灵敏度分析,据此标定了仿真模型,然后通过实验方案设计,改变输入条件,得到了不同条件组合下的通行能力值。通过仿真结果与实测数据的对比,认为该方法是非常可行的,并且有一定的应用价值。     

城市轨道交通中个人导向方法研究

文章运用层次分析的方法来阐述个人导向功能的实现原理,提出了利用现阶段飞速发展的移动通信体技术,设计一种应用在城市轨道交通中具有个人导向功能的移动通信体,以改善城市轨道交通中个人导向功能薄弱的现状。     

Real-time traffic state estimation in urban corridors from heterogeneous data

In recent years, rapid advances in information technology have led to various data collection systems which are enriching the sources of empirical data for use in transport systems. Currently, traffic data are collected through various sensors including loop detectors, probe vehicles, cell-phones, Bluetooth, video cameras, remote sensing and public transport smart cards. It has been argued that combining the complementary information from multiple sources will generally result in better accuracy, increased robustness and reduced ambiguity. Despite the fact that there have been substantial advances in data assimilation techniques to reconstruct and predict the traffic state from multiple data sources, such methods are generally data-driven and do not fully utilize the power of traffic models. Furthermore, the existing methods are still limited to freeway networks and are not yet applicable in the urban context due to the enhanced complexity of the flow behavior. The main traffic phenomena on urban links are generally caused by the boundary conditions at intersections, un-signalized or signalized, at which the switching of the traffic lights and the turning maneuvers of the road users lead to shock-wave phenomena that propagate upstream of the intersections. This paper develops a new model-based methodology to build up a real-time traffic prediction model for arterial corridors using data from multiple sources, particularly from loop detectors and partial observations from Bluetooth and GPS devices.     

城市轨道交通客流密集度指数研究

基于轨道交通物联网监测数据，从点、线、面三个层级，构建不同时间粒度车站、线路、网络的客流密集度指数计算模型和算法。车站客流密集度指数模型综合考虑影响车站密集度指数的关键区域（出入口、站台、楼扶梯、换乘通道）的拥挤程度和拥挤范围因素；线路的客流密集度指数模型综合考虑车站和区间的影响；网络的客流密集度指数模型由各线路的客流密集度指数加权得到。测试结果表明，提出的模型计算结果与实际地铁客流出行规律一致，可较好地反映地铁拥挤程度，为地铁客流运营拥挤状态评价和辅助决策提供技术支持。     

基于熵权-物元模型的轨道交通建设时序研究

结合轨道交通建设特点,基于物元可拓数学方法、熵权理论和关联度函数,建立轨道交通建设时序决策的熵权物元可拓模型。该方法首先结合熵权理论,根据指标差异度对评价指标进行客观赋权;其次通过客观标准对评价指标的经典域进行区间界定,利用综合关联度将多指标的评价模型转化为单目标决策;然后依据定量测算的加权综合关联度值综合判定建设时序,最后以成都市轨道交通线网进行实例分析。结果表明:该决策算法所确定的结果与实际建设时序一致,且该算法可以极大拓展研究范围,表征更多分异信息,有效支撑城市轨道交通线网建设时序的综合决策。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

我国城市现阶段经济、社会功能定位新探

在我国当前的经济建设中，城市面临着模式转型的过程，同时也面对着不断产生的一系列新矛盾和新要求。文章着重对此加以探讨，并就我国新时期城市功能的新定位提出了建设性意见。