浅谈城市交通中的无障碍设计

残疾人和老年人是社会群体的重要组成部分,在城市交通的规划设计中应注重考虑残疾人和老年人以及其他有行为障碍的人无障碍通行,体现“以人为本”的设计理念。文章首先回顾了国内外无障碍设计的发展历程,介绍了我国无障碍建设的现状,指出了我国城市交通的无障碍建设的缺陷和不足。然后介绍了在城市交通中所需进行无障碍设计的主要内容以及部分技术指标。     

社会热点与思想政治理论课课堂教学

文中论述了社会热点在思想政治课课堂教学中的必要性和可行性,着重探讨了社会热点教学的几种方法以及在教学中应该注意的一些问题。     

我国大规模城市交通发展方略研究

从国外大城市的交通发展经验及实际数据入手,分析了我国大规模城市交通发展所面临的主要问题,提出了在我国大规模城市建立快速、高效和可持续发展的现代化城市交通系统的相关对策。     

Choice valuation of traffic restrictions: Noise, pollution, and congestion preferences. A note

This Note looks at the choice valuation restrictions on traffic entering the city of Lisbon, based on individual preferences in relation to noise, pollution and congestion. The analysis employs a questionnaire distributed in 2007 to ascertain the significant characteristics of traveling to Lisbon, with the aim of curbing the number of cars that are associated with the probability of individuals supporting a charge on motor vehicles entering the city. The model also takes into account the uncontrolled heterogeneity of the data.     

Model,process, technique,and the good thing

The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework. Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally, in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.

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奥运会作为世界最有影响的活动受到承办国的普遍而高度重视。本文在讨论当前北京交通实际情况的基础上,重点介绍了北京奥运会交通组织的成功之处;根据北京市未来社会发展与经济建设需求,结合北京市提出的交通发展目标,分析了在后奥运时期交通发展的基本思路;针对如何确保北京城市社会与经济的运行秩序,促进北京城市朝着国际化大都市发展,不断扩大北京乃至中国的国际影响力这个目标,指出了北京交通需要注意的问题,即进一步明确中心城区公共交通与私人交通的地位、通过对交通外部性来深化认识社会公平性等,最后提出了近期建设与管理中的一些具体措施。     

Identifying peer states for transportation system evaluation &; policy analyses

The majority of comparisons between state transportation systems do not control for characteristics that may vary greatly between states (e.g., vehicle miles traveled). A shortcoming of such analyses is that a state’s individual characteristics can be highly influential in determining how transportation policy is set and funds are spent. The purpose of this paper is to extend previous efforts to create groups of similar peer states by developing a new methodological framework that incorporates demographic, temporal, and locational variability into the peer group delineations. We collected historical data for 42 variables on transportation infrastructure, population, economy, growth, topography and weather. To examine trends before and after the passage of ISTEA we gathered data over two time periods: 1985 through 1990 and 1995 through 2000. Using principal components analysis (PCA) we reduced variables into seven components, and then statistically clustered states into peer groups for each time period based on the components and the remaining variables. We identified a range of cluster solutions and demonstrate how cluster statistics help to describe the contextual basis behind the peer grouping. The results of this study are to provide government agencies, researchers and the public with a systematic methodological framework for identifying peer states that reflect similar attributes contributing to the development and maintenance of state transportation systems.

Stakeholder-specific data acquisition and urban freight policy evaluation: evidence,implications and new suggestions

Cities, characterised by scarce resources and facing increasing citizens’ requests for more liveable and attractive environments, need to define and implement more efficient urban freight transport policy interventions. It is strategically relevant to perform an ex-ante in-depth policy evaluation. The paper aims at investigating the relevance, the needs and the implications of the data acquisition process by combining a focused review with an original research study. It critically compares five categories of methodological approaches adopted for policy evaluation purposes with an explicit focus on the stated preference method given its behavioural peculiarity and robustness. The review, following a systematic procedure where scientific quality is complemented by relevance and coverage, underlines a high variability in the level of sophistication for data acquisition. While a stakeholder-specific approach seems natural in all those cases where local authorities want to adopt distinct policy instruments for each stakeholder, this is also needed when homogeneous policies impacting the various stakeholders are tested. Stakeholder-specific data acquisition translates into the creation of multiple experimental designs, explicitly conceived for each stakeholder considered. A case study, intended to compare two alternative strategies for data acquisition, provides a quantitative measure of potential distortions in policy evaluation due to the adoption of a stakeholder-generic approach. Results, in terms of willingness to pay measures, show that a stakeholder-specific approach is needed not only when modelling but also in the data acquisition process.     

基于大数据的移动互联网公共服务平台

公安交通领域已经形成日增PB级的数据,是世界上最丰富的大数据资源之一。但这些数据大部分处于睡眠状态且时效性较差。因此,本文在数据接口方面进行了重点研究,并在此基础上,构建了基于移动互联网手机APP、微信、支付宝等运营载体的公共服务平台,为公众在交通出行、交管、出入境等诸多与日常生活息息相关的公安交通业务提供一系列便捷、优质、高效的服务,让广大群众切身感受到"互联网+交通管理创新"带来的便捷。     

浅析城市快速路交通事故特性

与普通道路相比,快速路交通事故影响程度要大的多,往往导致整条快速路和周边路网的拥堵。首先根据我国城市交通事故统计数据,分析了城市快速路交通事故特点,然后以北京市某区域的交通事故数据为例对城市快速路的交通事故特点进行了分析,进而重点分析了快速路出口处交通事故特点。