Characterisation of and reflections on the synergy of bicycles and public transport

The bicycle is often understood as a disjointed ‘feeder’ mode that provides access to public transport. We argue that combined use of the bicycle and public transport should be understood in a broader perspective, especially where bicycles link to higher speed and higher capacity public transport, such as the train. Cycling and public transport can have a symbiotic relationship forming a hybrid, distinct transport mode, which should be reflected in transport planning. The bicycle is as a way to soften the rigid nature of public transport and thus accommodate diverse individual travel needs and situations. Public transport can be seen as a means to dramatically extend cycling’s speed and spatial reach. We combine a system perspective with conceptual analysis to explore how, why and when this reconsideration is important. We use the Netherlands as illustrative case because of the relative maturity of its bicycle–train connections. The case shows that the synergy between rather opposite yet highly complementary aspects, high speed of the train, high accessibility of the bicycle and flexibility in combining both sub-modes, are the fundamental characteristics to understand the functioning of this system in a wider spatial context. In our conclusion we propose a research agenda, to further explore the relevance of this system for land-use and transport planning and distil wider implications for the international debate.     

数据链:现代战争的战力倍增器

高速数据链可在有限带宽下,以标准化的方式实时传输战场信息,满足各作战平台及时共享信息的需要。数据链的广泛应用使战场透明度大大提高,军队作战能力得到倍增,已成为现代网络中心战中重要的一环。文章介绍了国外各种主流数据链的战术技术性能及特点、使用配备情况,并分析了数据链技术的发展趋势。     

基于高速公路收费数据库的断面交通量计算方法

根据我国高速公路绝大部分为封闭式收费公路的特性,提出基于高速公路收费站通行记录数据库的OD矩阵整理算法以及断面交通量的计算方法,并结合实例对此算法进行分析验证,对高速公路收费管理具有很高的应用价值。     

采用直线感应电机的城市轨道车辆的技术特点及发展

介绍了城市轨道交通系统,分析直线感应电机的原理.详细分析了采用直线感应电机车辆的技术特点,包括电机特点与控制技术和电机气隙的控制技术.指出直线感应电机系统是一种技术比较成熟的新型城市轨道交通模式,具有良好的发展前景.     

《城市轨道交通研究》2000-2004年的被引用分析

在中国科学技术信息研究所科技论文统计分析中心研制的《中国科技论文与引文数据库》基础上,对《城市轨道交通研究》2000年到2004年在中国科技源期刊中被引用情况和被引环境进行了统计分析,同时分析了该刊在2004年被引网络环境,探讨其在交通运输工程学科中的影响状况.     

Jobs-housing imbalance, spatial correlation, and excess commuting

In this paper, we use continuous urban structure instead of zonal model, try to calculate unbiased excess commuting with joint distribution of homes and workplaces developed by Vaughan (1974), and describe the relationship between urban structure and commuting distance explicitly and theoretically for generalized home-workplace assignment pattern. We simplify the quadrivariate distribution model to a model with three important parameters: the spread of homes, the spread of workplaces, and the spatial correlation of homes and workplaces. Then we show that excess commuting and capacity utilization are expressed by the imbalance and the spatial correlation of jobs-housing structure in a theoretical context, moreover it explicitly evaluates targeting US and Japanese/Korean cities.     

Should subsidies to urban passenger transport be increased? A spatial CGE analysis for a German metropolitan area

In many countries passenger transport is significantly subsidized in a variety of ways for various reasons. The objective of this paper is to examine efficiency, distributional, environmental (CO₂ emissions) and spatial effects of increasing different kinds of passenger transport subsidies discriminating between household types, travel purposes and travel modes. The effects are calculated by applying a numerical spatial general equilibrium approach calibrated to an average German metropolitan area. In extension to most studies focusing on only one kind of subsidy, we compare the effects of different transport subsidies within the same unified framework that allows to account for two features not yet considered simultaneously in studies on transport subsidies: endogenous labor supply and location decisions. Furthermore, congestion, travel mode choice, travel related CO₂ emissions and institutional details regarding the tax system in Germany are taken into account. The results suggest that optimal subsidy levels are either small or even zero. While subsidizing public transport is welfare enhancing, subsidies to urban road traffic reduce aggregate urban welfare. Concerning the latter it is shown that making investments in urban road infrastructure capacity or reducing gasoline taxes may even be harmful to residents using predominantly automobile. In contrast, pure commuting subsidies hardly affect aggregate urban welfare, but distributional effects are substantial. All policies cause suburbanization of city residents and (except for subsidizing public transport) contribute to urban sprawl by raising the spatial imbalance of residences and jobs but the effect is relatively small. In addition, the policies induce a very differentiated pattern regarding distributional effects, benefits of landowners and environmental effects.     

Maneuvers of motorcycles in queues at signalized intersections

The maneuvering models of motorcycles in previous studies often considered motorcycles' traveling in terms of movements in a physical static lane and not in terms of dynamic virtual lane‐based movements. For that reason, these models are not able to imitate motorcyclists' behavior well. This paper proposes a maneuverability model framework for motorcycles in queues at signalized intersections with considering the dynamic motorcycle's lane. The model includes (i) a dynamic motorcycle's lane to identify the current, left, and right lanes of the subject motorcycle, (ii) a threshold distance to determine when a motorcyclist starts to consider maneuvering, (iii) a lane selection model to identify the lane preferred by a motorcyclist, and (iv) a gap acceptance model to describe whether or not the lead and lag gaps are acceptable for maneuvering. The model framework captures the variation across the motorcyclist population and over time observations. The models were applied to Hanoi and Hochiminh city, Vietnam, based on microscopic data collected from video images. All of the parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method with the statistical estimation software GAUSS. The results show that 77.88% of the observed maneuvers – either staying in the current lane or turning left or right – could be modeled correctly by the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多孔沥青混合料路面降温机理研究

如何降低路面高温、减少城市热岛效应影响成为了近年来一个较为关注的问题。文章通过分析多孔沥青混凝土路面的热环境,提出多孔沥青混凝土路面的降温原理及方式。     

城市立交景观设计探讨

文章基于城市立交景观对城市形象的重要性,分析了当前城市立交景观设计存在的不足,指出了城市立交景观设计的一般原则,并结合重庆的城市特点,阐述了立交景观设计的要点及方法。