Using a random displacement model to simulate turbulent particle motion in a baroclinic frontal zone: A new implementation scheme and model performance tests

Numerical artifacts can limit accurate simulation of turbulent particle motion when Lagrangian particle-tracking models are implemented in hydrodynamic models with stratified conditions like fronts. Yet, modeling of individual particle motion in frontal regions is critical for understanding sediment dynamics as well as the transport and retention of planktonic organisms. The objective of this research was to develop a numerical technique to accurately simulate turbulent particle motions in a particle-tracking model embedded within a hydrodynamic model of a frontal zone. A new interpolation scheme, the ‘water column profile’ scheme, was developed and used to implement a random displacement model for turbulent particle motions. A new interpolation scheme was necessary because linear interpolation schemes caused artificial aggregation of particles where abrupt changes in vertical diffusivity occurred. The new ‘water column profile’ scheme was used to fit a continuous function (a tension spline) to a smoothed profile of vertical diffusivities at the x–y particle location. The new implementation scheme was checked for artifacts and compared with a standard random walk model using (1) Well Mixed Condition tests, and (2) dye-release experiments. The Well Mixed Condition tests confirmed that the use of the ‘water column profile’ interpolation scheme for implementing the random displacement model significantly reduced numerical artifacts. In dye-release experiments, high concentrations of Eulerian tracer and Lagrangian particles were released at the same location up-estuary of the salt front and tracked for 4 days. After small differences in initial dispersal rates, tracer and particle distributions remained highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.99) when a random displacement model was implemented in the particle-tracking model. In contrast, correlation coefficients were substantially lower (r = 0.07 to 0.58) when a random walk model was implemented. In general, model performance tests indicated that the ‘water column interpolation’ scheme was an effective technique for implementing a random displacement model within a hydrodynamic model, and both could be used to accurately simulate diffusion in a highly baroclinic frontal region. The new implementation scheme has the potential to be a useful tool for investigating the influence of hydrodynamic variability on the transport of sediment particles and planktonic organisms in frontal zones.     

船体分段装配的三维建模与动画设计实例介绍

船体分段构件装配过程的三维动画演示的目的是要从各个方位展示出该分段的结构特点,要求完成各构件的建模及大小分段的组装等一系列动画过程。动画过程中,构件的种类较为繁杂,该文只对典型的动画制作过程作系统介绍。     

新型地铁密接式车钩强度分析及优化

利用Solidworks建立了新型地铁密接式自动车钩三维实体模型，在分析车钩结构受力情况后对车钩的关键构件运用有限元方法进行了强度分析，并在强度分析的基础上对构件结构进行了优化。     

Development of a hull form definition tool with a related knowledge-based advisory system

The development of a parametric hull form design system utilizing combined knowledge-based and objectoriented methodologies, approaches, and techniques is the major purpose of this research. One objective was the development of a powerful, intuitive, and parameter-based hull definition system with a related hull definition advisory system that would provide useful and necessary advice to the user. Object and knowledge modeling activities were conducted during the analysis and design stage to facilitate the implementation of a hull design program and advisory system. The hull design system includes the generation of a geometric model from a process of aggregating simple user-selected shapes representing different boundaries. Design involves the capability to vary simple parameters such as entrance angles, length-breadth ratios, and radii to define local and general surface geometries. Hydrostatic calculations are included for analysis; results are referred to an advisory system for evaluation and the determination of the acceptability of parameters and analysis results. The advisory system includes a knowledge bases consisting of hull form databases, results of the statistical analysis of data, design parameter constraints, and expert knowledge acquired from designers, reference materials, and technical reports. Use of the design tool with the advisory system results in the rapid generation of hull forms and associated design evaluations. Flexibility in decision making results from the separation of the design system from the advisory system. The independence of the two systems allows for a wide range of user experience with experts using the design tool with minimal reference to the advisory system. On the other hand, the expertise and knowledge stored in the advisory system is fully available to inexperienced designers and users.     

MIDAS/Civil分体式小箱梁湿接缝模拟方法

以由3片分体式组合箱梁组成的30 m三跨连续梁桥为研究对象,利用大型有限元软件MIDAS/Civil,建立了3种湿接缝模拟方法的梁单元模型,分别为湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法。对比分析3种计算模型在3种荷载工况下各片箱梁的边跨跨中与中跨跨中位移解。计算结果表明:实体模型计算结果准确但建模复杂,与之相比,湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法模型建模较简单,最大误差为6.4%;湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法是分体式组合小箱梁桥的较合适建模方法,可用于分体式组合小箱梁桥结构分析。     

一座复式组合拱桥结构特点

兖州泗河兴隆大桥是一座以景观造型为主导,综合考虑桥位环境、结构、施工、造价、维护等因素的三孔一联钢筋混凝土复式组合系杆拱桥。详细介绍该桥结构特点。该桥边孔为空间V型刚构,中孔为四吊杆体系复合拱轴线复式系杆拱。桥梁整体结构冗余度高,后期易维护,适用于地质条件较差、景观要求高的桥梁。     

汽车液压制动系统优化设计平台开发

根据企业实际项目需要,通过面向对象的程序设计思想,利用Visual C++开发了汽车液压制动系统计算分析软件。介绍了该软件的功能结构、设计流程等。以某车制动系统设计计算为例,对软件的计算、分析、参数化建模能力进行了验证。该软件平台通过ACCESS数据库,储存了大量经验数据和制动法规来辅助用户设计开发,能够精确计算制动系统的20余项内容以全面分析整车制动性能。     

车辆跟驰行为建模的回顾与展望

系统地回顾了跟驰理论60年的发展历程,依据建模思想将跟驰行为模型分为交通工程角度和统计物理角度。交通工程角度的跟驰模型包括刺激-反应类、安全距离类、心理-生理类及人工智能类模型;统计物理角度的跟驰模型包括优化速度模型、智能驾驶模型和元胞自动机模型。针对各类模型分别阐述了其建模思路、模型结构、参数标定及其扩展研究。最后,展望了跟驰行为建模的发展趋势与研究方向,为建立适合中国交通流特点的跟驰模型提供参考。     

长波作用下与KC数相关的柔性植被对海岸结构物受力的影响(英文)

Extreme coastal events require careful prediction of wave forces.Recent tsunamis have resulted in extensive damage of coastal structures.Such scenarios are the result of the action of long waves on structures.In this paper,the efficiency of vegetation as a buffer system in attenuating the incident ocean waves was studied through a well controlled experimental program.The study focused on the measurement of forces resulting from cnoidal waves on a model building mounted over a slope in the presence and absence of vegetation.The vegetative parameters,along with the width of the green belt,its position from the reference line,the diameter of the individual stems as well as the spacing between them,and their rigidity are varied so as to obtain a holistic view of the wave-vegetation interaction problem.The effect of vegetation on variations of dimensional forces with a Keulegan-Carpenter number(KC) was discussed in this paper.It has been shown that when vegetal patches are present in front of structure,the forces could be limited to within F*￡1,by a percentile of 92%,90%,55%,and 96%,respectively for gap ratios of 0.0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5.The force is at its maximum for the gap ratio of 1.0 and beyond which the forces start to diminish.     

利用改进的Lackenby进行船型变换与优化

基于FRIENDSHIP系统提出改进的Lackenby变换方法,改进的Lackenby变换使用B样条曲线,而不是采用传统的多项式进行船型变换。经过CFD计算验证,效果较好。