低截获概率雷达信号检测技术研究

在复杂电磁环境下,如何对低截获概率雷达信号进行检测,是当今电子侦察领域的重点和难点问题。针对这个问题,论文论述了采用自相关检测技术实现对低截获概率雷达信号进行检测的方法,并对其性能进行了分析研究。仿真实验表明,该方法结构简单、算法复杂度小、运算量少、实用性好。     

Ports in Proximity – Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports,edited by Theo Notteboom,Cesar Ducruet,and Peter de Langen

The summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice shrank drastically in these years, and the opportunity on Arctic international shipping emerged. The Northern Sea Route (NSR), formerly blocked by permanent ice, was completely ice-free in September in the past 3 years. Because this route is much shorter than conventional Asia–Europe shipping lane, many maritime countries have paid attention to exploit the enormous potential of the Arctic Ocean from economical consideration. This study measured the economical advantage of the seasonal NSR by calculating the shipping cost saved.     

推移质泥沙输移研究回顾与展望*

阐述推移质运动的特点,讨论推移质运动在河床变形、沙波、弯道演变等方面的作用以及对工程的影响.此外,分别从3个时期论述国内外推移质榆移研究在理论分析、试验研究与河流原型观测两方面的发展历程及最新进展,并对不同理论的依据、研究方法及试验观测技术进行对比分析,并提出建议;认为研究视角的拓宽、研究方法及观测仪器的改进是深化推移质输移研究必须考虑的问题.     

用概率法结合ANSYS分析深水航道整治铺排锚缆在恶劣工况下的受力

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程中,铺排船最恶劣作业工况为水深35 m,流速2 m/s,流向角20°,这在国内 尚属首次。如采用常规铺排作业方法,经常会出现锚缆受力不均的情况,当锚缆受力超过设定值时,铺排船将失去系泊控 制,是影响安全的主要因素,如果不能有效加以控制可能会引起工程事故。结合国内外相关资料及长江南京以下12.5 m深 水航道一期工程现场的作业工况,利用概率法及ANSYS有限元软件进行计算分析,对铺排船在大流速、大深度的不定向流 恶劣工况下进行了铺排锚缆受力体系的分析,提出了优化锚系及随动的锚系控制方法。通过工程应用进行验证,得出优化锚 系结合随动的方法是合理的,可有效控制恶劣工况下的铺排船失去系泊控制的难题,为以后解决类似现象提供借鉴经验。     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于破坏概率分析的滑坡稳定性评价

结合三峡库区某滑坡的治理工程,利用Slope/W软件将破坏概率分析对滑坡的稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明:基于破坏概率分析的滑坡稳定性评价,可以降低由于抗剪强度参数的随机性、测试的误差、地质体的不均匀性、外界因素变化的随机性等对于滑坡稳定性评价结果的影响,能较为客观地反映岩性的实际分布状况。相比单一稳定性系数评价滑坡稳定性的方法,将滑坡破坏概率与传统的稳定性系数相结合,可较客观地评价滑坡的实际稳定状态。分析结果表明:在滑坡含水饱和+地震条件下,该滑坡处于破坏状态。     

苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝位移的长期监测与分析

以苏通大桥斜拉桥347 d的伸缩缝位移为对象,研究苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝服役性能评价方法.首先提出了伸缩缝位移的概率统计分析方法,在此基础上验证了伸缩缝设计性能.其次,提出了伸缩缝位移与温度的相关性分析方法,在此基础上评价了伸缩缝使用性能.分析结果表明:①苏通大桥斜拉桥的伸缩缝位移可以通过2个正态分布函数的加权和来描述其概率分布,温度年变化作用下伸缩缝的极值位移远小于伸缩缝设计位移;②苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝位移与温度具有良好的线性相关性,并且苏通大桥北端的伸缩缝存在性能退化的可能,需要积累更多的数据进行分析.     

Strength reliability analysis of stiffened cylindrical shells considering failure correlation

The stiffened cylindrical shell is commonly used for thepressure hull of submersibles and the legs of offshore platforms.There are various failure modes because of uncertainty with thestructural size and material properties, uncertainty of the calculationmodel and machining errors. Correlations among failure modesmust be considered with the structural reliability of stiffenedcylindrical shells. However, the traditional method cannot considerthe correlations effectively. The aim of this study is to present amethod of reliability analysis for stiffened cylindrical shells whichconsiders the correlations among failure modes. Firstly, the jointfailure probability calculation formula of two related failure modesis derived through use of the 2D joint probability density function.Secondly, the full probability formula of the tandem structuralsystem is given with consideration to the correlations among failuremodes. At last, the accuracy of the system reliability calculation isverified through use of the Monte Carlo simulation. Result of theanalysis shows the failure probability of stiffened cylindrical shellscan be gained through adding the failure probability of each mode.     

基于支持向量机的大跨连续刚构桥可靠度分析

针对大跨连续刚构桥在可靠性分析过程中功能函数不能显示、表达的问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机分类功能可靠度的计算方法。采用拉丁超立方抽样产生一定样本的数据库,通过改变样本点中效应数据的大小,并结合有限元程序的分析,找出一定精度下离分类面最近的一对样本点,从而得到新的样本库。然后,用新的样本库构造出一个 SVM分类器函数。结合蒙特卡罗数值模拟,计算其失效概率。以四川某大跨连续刚构桥为例,验证了该方法的实用性。     

外部交通区划分方法的改进研究

外部交通区的划分是资料收集和需求预测的基础。分析了运输需求预测中常见的外部交通区划分方法,找出了其存在的问题。建立了对外运输需求的概率分布模型,提出了改进的外部交通区划分方法。并基于改进的外部交通区划分,提出了对外运输需求方式分担预测的思路和步骤。最后,结合河南省驻马店市综合客运需求现状对该方法进行了验证。结果表明：改进的外部交通区划分方法能在不进行OD调查的前提下显著降低方式分担预测的误差,有很强的工程应用价值。