川道型城市构建轨道交通概念线网研究

川道型城市分布于丘陵沟壑之内,其城市轨道交通网络不可能像平原型城市那样以"面"形向四周扩展布局。通过对川道型城市的区域特征分析,总结出居民出行总体呈现"横向聚集、轴向交流"的特征,通过"线"形沿川道主轴布线,以川道断面客流测试轨道交通线路数量,根据组团连接关系拆分组合线路,形成川道型城市的概念线网,最后以西宁市轨道交通概念线网的构建作为示例,为今后川道型城市轨道交通线网布局提供借鉴。     

二线城市轨道交通发展浅思

针对国内各个地铁建设城市的规模、人口对城市等级进行分类,并将无锡纳入二线城市。总结分析二线城市轨道交通的发展经验,分析无锡城市轨道交通发展现状和初期客流规模较小等特征。提出线网层面不同编组、制式车辆的互联互通和提升轨道交通客流的一些建议和举措,为二线城市的轨道交通可持续发展提供启示。     

都市圈内中小城市轨道交通发展战略探讨

在都市圈发展趋势下,重视圈内核心城市轨道交通发展的同时,中小城市的轨道交通发展客观上已提上日程。分析都市圈发展给中小城市发展带来的机遇,以及都市圈内中小城市发展轨道交通的必要性。以资阳市为例,分析成都都市圈背景下资阳市的区位特征、城市发展理念和交通发展战略,提出适合资阳市的轨道交通发展战略和"区域+市区"的轨道发展模式,为资阳市与成都市同城化发展、融入成都都市圈、提升城市品质奠定基础。     

中小城市提高公交吸引力的措施

目前,中小城市公共汽车交通存在着网络密度低、运行密度慢、基础设施落后等问题,致使人们乘公共汽车出门的比例不高。为解决城市交通拥堵,实现中小城市公共交通的可持续发展,应当采取多项措施,将中小城市居民的出行方式转移到公共交通上来。     

河谷型城市进出口交通安全防护措施

主要为河谷型城市进出口的交通安全提供理论依据,分析河谷型城市进出口类型与网络特征,河谷型城市进出口的道路构成与特征,以及河谷型城市进出口交通事故特征。进而有针对性地提出河谷型城市进出口交通安全的防护措施。     

Consumer preferences for electric vehicles in lower tier cities of China: Evidences from south Jiangsu region

China is the world biggest market of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of production and sales. Existing studies on consumer preferences for EVs in China have generally focused on first-tier cities, while little attention has been paid to the lower tier cities. This exploratory study investigates consumer preferences for EVs in lower tier cities of China, by collecting stated preference (SP) data in two second-tier cities and three third-tier cities in the south Jiangsu region of China. The discrete choice modeling analysis shows that Chinese consumers in lower-tier cities are generally sensitive to monetary attributes, charging service and driving range of EVs. They also perceive Chinese vehicle brands to be disadvantaged compared with European brands. When comparing the differences in second-tier versus third-tier cities, we find that consumers in third-tier cities are more sensitive to purchase price, subsidy of purchase, and coverage of charging stations than their second-tier counterparts. This study also highlights the role of different psychological effects, such as symbols of car ownership, normative-face influence, and risk aversion, in shaping consumer preferences for EVs in lower-tier cities of China. Our results provide important implications for contextualizing government policies and marketing strategies in line with the different sizes and characteristics of the cities in China.     

A ‘sustainability window’ of urban form

With global environmental change and the rise of global megacities, environmental and social externalities of urban systems, and especially of urban form, become increasingly prevalent. The question of optimal urban form has been debated and investigated by different disciplines in numerous contexts, including those of transport costs, land consumption and congestion. Here we elucidate theoretically how urban form and the urban transport system systematically modifies sustainability concerns, such as greenhouse gas emissions, local air pollution and congestion. We illustrate our analytical considerations with empirical analysis. Denser urban form would almost unambiguously mitigate climate change, but it would also lead to undesired effects, such as a higher proportion of urban dwellers affected by air pollution. Our study presents a ‘sustainability window’ by highlighting trade-offs between these sustainability concerns as a function of urban form. Only a combination of transportation policies, infrastructure investments and progressive public finance enables the development of cities that perform well in several sustainability dimensions. We estimate that a residential population density between 50 and 150 persons/ha and a modal share of environmental modes above at least 50% corresponds to the sustainability window of urban form. The parameters of the sustainability window of urban form is subject to policy changes and technological progress.     

峡谷地形隔震效应及减灾选线对策

在困难山区,峡谷是铁路、公路常利用的交通廊道,但峡谷往往也是震害集中的地段,目前有关峡谷地形对地震波传播特性的影响研究甚少。基于波动理论,分析得出峡谷切割深度越深,对Rayleigh波高频成分的屏蔽频率范围越广;峡谷越陡,对散射波的强度削减效应越显著;从而地震波的强度在峡谷两侧具有显著的差异,即在地震波入射一侧的振动强度大于另一侧。上述结论得到了芦山地震震害现象以及苏克拉峡谷地震记录仪观测资料的检验,可为减灾选线设计提供理论依据。     

小城市停车发展研究——以扬中市为例

随着城市经济社会不断发展,小城市小汽车保有量持续增加,交通需求呈现快速增长趋势,而城市停车设施供应总量增加速度远低于交通需求增长速度,导致停车难问题在小城市范围内也日益凸显。本研究对扬中市城市“停车难、停车乱”进行问题研判分析,结合城市发展目标与城市停车发展趋势与需求,提出“调需、精供、优效”的城市停车发展策略,并提出相应措施,缓解近期城市停车难题,促进远期停车系统健康发展,为小城市停车发展提供一定参考。     

Impact of public transport and non-motorized transport infrastructure on travel mode shares,energy, emissions and safety: Case of Indian cities

Current modal share in Indian cities is in favor of non-motorized transport (NMT) and public transport (PT), however historical trends shows decline in its use. Existing NMT and PT infrastructure in Indian cities is of poor quality resulting in increasing risk from road traffic crashes to these users. It is therefore likely that the current NMT and PT users will shift to personal motorized vehicles (PMV) as and when they can afford it. Share of NMT and PT users can be retained and possibly increased if safe and convenient facilities for them are created. This shall also have impact on reducing environment impacts of transport system.We have studied travel behavior of three medium size cities – Udaipur, Rajkot and Vishakhapatnam. Later the impact of improving built environment and infrastructure on travel mode shares, fuel consumption, emission levels and traffic safety in Rajkot and Vishakhapatnam are analyzed. For the purpose three scenarios are developed – improving only NMT infrastructure, improving only bus infrastructure and improving both NMT and bus infrastructure.The study shows the strong role of NMT infrastructure in both cities despite geographical dissimilarities. The scenario analysis shows maximum reduction in CO₂ emissions is achieved when both PT and NMT infrastructure are improved. Improvement in safety indicator is highest in this scenario. Improving only PT infrastructure may have marginal effect on overall reduction of CO₂ emissions and adverse effects on traffic safety. NMT infrastructure is crucial for maintaining the travel mode shares in favor of PT and NMT in future.