某车型正面碰撞结构优化

针对某车型在正面碰撞试验中出现踏板和转向管柱侵入量超标的问题,对其产生原因进行分析。运用Hypermesh及LS-DYNA软件进行整车碰撞仿真分析,提出拉平纵梁、在前围板与A柱间以及在前地板增加连接件和加强件的结构优化方案。优化后纵梁的变形模式及前围侵入量均得到改善,前围最大侵入量由原来的343 mm减小到219 mm。表明优化纵梁结构、提高乘员舱总体强度的方案合理,该设计理念和方法可为其他车型的结构设计提供参考。     

汽车在对开路面上的制动稳定性研究

以汽车动力学模型和汽车制动稳定性控制原理为基础,通过分析汽车两侧车轮在路面附着系数相差较大的对开路面上的紧急制动状况进行理论分析,提出运用主动转向技术控制汽车的方向稳定性,并使汽车在制动驶偏后能快速通过转向控制恢复到正确的行驶车道。     

基于行人保护的SUV前保险杠防撞系统优化

为减小SUV车型在人车碰撞中对行人小腿的伤害,文章对SUV车型前保险杠造型进行了优化。分析了上支撑与下支撑布置和材料对小腿碰撞伤害值的影响,结果表明,当前保险杠上支撑安装位置处于小腿上部质心以下时,上支撑与小腿上部质心距离及上支撑材料对胫骨加速度值影响较大,上支撑与下支撑距离与下支撑材料对剪切位移影响较大。采用优化后的前保险杠防撞系统有效地控制了行人小腿伤害值,有利于该车型行人保护性能的提升,为以后SUV车型行人保护前保险杠防撞系统设计提供一些参考。     

冲压件品质控制

在整车开发过程中,整车外观品质至关重要,因其决定顾客对整车的第一感官印象,而冲压件品质直接决定整车外观品质,因此对冲压件品质有较高的要求。冲压件品质主要受产品设计和过程工艺设计2个阶段影响,文章主要从产品设计和过程工艺设计2个方面阐述了影响冲压件品质的一些注意事项及控制方法,指出冲压件品质直接影响整车白车身品质,冲压件从设计到量产任何一道工序都不能疏忽。     

Tractor–semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid–fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor–semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid–fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker’s volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker’s walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid–fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

载人潜水器在母船上系固时的受力计算及分析

载人潜水器在母船上系固时的安全性是7 000 m载人潜水器母船设计的关键技术之一,准确预报载人潜水器在母船上系固时受到的作用力,对于潜水器系固装置的设计及系固安全性评估至关重要。根据耐波性理论,针对潜水器搭载母船的实际线型和航行海域情况,提出了基于搭载母船耐波性预报的潜水器系固时受力的简便计算方法,该方法可以计算不同海况时的受力情况,能适应潜水器不同存放或维修工况下系固设计的需要,具有较好的工程适用价值。     

An analysis of the effects of French vehicle inspection program and grant for scrappage on household vehicle transaction

The French government has implemented a periodical vehicle inspection program, which aims at maintaining proper functioning of the vehicle and ensuring the emissions control systems installed on the vehicle work properly. Also, an incentive program for scrapping old vehicles was introduced in 1994 through 1996 to promote the replacement of those vehicles with higher emissions by newer vehicles with lower emissions. A hazard-based duration model of household vehicle transaction behavior has been developed in this study to examine the effects of the inspection program and the grant for scrappage on vehicle transaction timing. The model is developed as a competing risks model assuming the following three types of competing risks: replacing one of the vehicles in the household fleet, disposing of one vehicle in the fleet, and acquiring one vehicle to add to the fleet. The empirical analysis is carried out using the panel data of French households' vehicle ownership from 1984 to 1998, obtained by the panel survey called Parc-Auto, which has been conducted by a French marketing firm, SOFRES, since 1976. The long panel observation period facilitates the introduction of macro-economic indicators into the model, enabling the analysis to distinguish the effects of policy measures from macro-economic factors. The empirical results indicate that the expected vehicle holding duration becomes 1.3 years longer under the inspection program than before the program commenced, given that the vehicle is replaced by another vehicle at the end of the holding duration; and that the conditional probability of replacing a vehicle aged 10 years and over becomes 1.2 times higher, and the average holding duration becomes shorter by 3.3 years, when the grant for scrappage is available.     

铁路直线轨道空间振动时变模型研究

采用有限单元法,将轨枕视为线性粘弹性连续支承梁单元,钢轨划分为线性粘弹性点支承梁单元,分别考虑每个单元的横向、纵向、竖向及扭转振动,建立铁路直线轨道结构空间振动模型。运用弹性系统总势能不变值原理,采用轨道不断"增加和缩减"技术,建立直线轨道结构空间振动时变质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵。以国产25Z型客车为例,计算200s时间段上车辆—轨道耦合振动动力响应,与实测结果比较吻合。