短波自组网路由协议驱动方式研究

自组网路由协议可依驱动方式分为表驱动和按需驱动,这两种驱动方式的路由协议各有其优缺点.对这两类路由协议的路由发现延迟、路由开销、网络吞吐量等性能进行了对比分析,并结合短波自组网在网络中心战体系中所处的层次和主要应用对性能的需求,分析了适应于短波自组网的路由驱动方式.     

宁波-舟山港核心港区深水航路船舶定线制设计方法

在设计原则、设计内容和交通实态的调查基础上分析船舶定线制的设计要素,结合宁波-舟山港的船舶定线制系统实践分析船舶定线制的设计方法及模式等。     

A competitive, charter air-service planning model for student athlete travel

This paper presents a model for planning an air charter service for pre-scheduled group travel. This model is used to investigate the competitiveness of such an enterprise for student athlete travel in conference sports. The relevant demand subset to be served by a limited charter fleet is identified through a comparison with existing scheduled travel options. Further, the routing and scheduling of the charter aircraft is performed within the same framework. Through this modeling a method for formulating and accommodating continuous time windows and competitive market dynamics in strategic planning for a charter service is developed. Computational improvements to the basic model are also presented and tested. The model is applied to the Big Sky Conference for the 2006-2007 season, quantifying the benefits to the students from such a service and the change in expenditure associated with such a benefit for various assumptions about operations and value of time. The findings indicate the lack of spatial or sport based patterns for maximizing benefit, indicating the absence of simplistic “rules of thumb” for operating such a service, and validating the need for the model.     

无线传感网络中QoS约束多播路由算法

分析了无线传感网络中具有时延、带宽和剩余能量等多QoS约束的多播路由问题.描述了一种适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型.提出了一种具有多QoS约束的能量有效的多播路由算法(EMRA),该算法成功地解决了无线传感网络中多播节点动态变化时的QoS路由选择问题.仿真实验证明了EMRA的有效性和优越性.     

蚂蚁记忆系统结合邻域搜寻法应用於车辆途程问题

以蚂蚁记忆系统为基础搭配不同的邻域搜寻法做区域搜寻来应用於车辆途程问题。先以2-opt、根据2-opt增加交换节线的or—opt及改良交换法的Lin—Kernighan做途程内交换,选择和已知最佳解误差百分比最少的2-opt做改善,再计算记忆盒中较佳路线之重心,并从运量最少路线开始做区域改善,以其重心为基准对附近路线做途程内2-opt及途程间Swap的交换,如此将能有效降低区域改善的时间,进而提升求解效率。利用国际标竿例题来验证AMS之求解效率,在随机问题C1-C10。求解平均误差为0．98％,在丛聚问题C11-C14求解平均误差为0．55％。     

车辆热管理系统及其研究

车辆热管理技术是提高车辆经济性和动力性、保证关键部件安全运行和车辆行驶安全的重要途径。文章介绍了车辆热管理的内涵和研究内容,报告了车辆热管理的发展现状与相应的仿真和试验研究方法。阐述了进行车辆热管理集成研究的重要性,指出只有深入研究系统的流动与传热机理,综合利用废热,从整车热管理集成的高度来进行优化匹配设计,才能发挥车辆热管理系统的最大优势。     

Evaluating CO2 emissions, cost, and service quality trade-offs in an urban delivery system case study

Growing pressure to limit greenhouse gas emissions is changing the way businesses operate. This paper presents the trade-offs between cost, service quality (represented by time window guarantees), and emissions of an urban pickup and delivery system under these changing pressures. A model, developed by the authors in ArcGIS, is used to evaluate these trade-offs for a specific case study involving a real fleet with specific operational characteristics. The problem is modeled as an emissions minimization vehicle routing problem with time windows. Analyses of different external policies and internal operational changes provide insight into the impact of these changes on cost, service quality, and emissions. Specific consideration of the influence of time windows, customer density, and vehicle choice are included.The results show a stable relationship between monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂, with each kilogram of CO₂ associated with a $3.50 increase in cost, illustrating the influence of fuel use on both cost and emissions. In addition, customer density and time window length are strongly correlated with monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂ per order. The addition of 80 customers or extending the time window 100 minutes would save approximately $3.50 and 1 kilogram of CO₂ per order. Lastly, the evaluation of four different fleets illustrates significant environmental and monetary gains can be achieved through the use of hybrid vehicles.The results demonstrate there is not a trade-off between CO₂ emissions and cost, but that these two metrics trend together. This suggests the most effective way to encourage fleet operators to limit emissions is to increase the cost of fuel or CO₂ production, as this is consistent with current incentives that exist to reduce cost, and therefore emissions.     

Effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement in a developing country using weigh-in-motion sorting system considering vehicle by-pass and enforcement capability

Vehicle overloading has been identified as one of the major contributors to road pavement damage in Malaysia. In this study, the weigh-in-motion (WIM) system has been used to function as a vehicle weight sorting tool to complement the exsiting static weigh bridge enforcement station. Data collected from the developed system is used to explore the effectiveness of using WIM system in terms of generating more accurate data for enforcement purposes and at the same time improving safety and reducing the number of vehicle weight violations on the roads. This study specifically focus on the effect of vehicle by-pass and static weigh station enforcement capability on the overall effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement system in a developing country. Results from this study suggest that the WIM system will significantly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the current vehicle weight enforcement, thus generating substantial revenue that would greatly off-set the current road maintenance budget that comes from tax payers money. If there is substantial reduction in overloaded vehicles, the public will still gain through reduction in road maintenance budget, less accident risks involving heavy trucks, and lesser greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.     

利用PRO/E进行三维布线工艺设计

本文介绍了PRO／Engineer三维制图软件的三维布线功能和三维布线工艺设计流程,以实际产品布线操作为例,介绍了利用该软件在三维实体模型上进行三维布线关键操作步骤,总结了三维布线在实际运用中的优点。     

卫星网络设备调度仿真平台设计研究

在卫星网络中每一个卫星节点的负载设备不断测量采集数据,并通过中继节点进行转发,根据任务要求调度星载设备并进行路由是当前的研究重点问题。因此需要建立一种仿真工具,能够对卫星通信链路、路由策略以及调度算法进行模拟和性能评估。为此提出了该仿真系统的体系结构及其设计思想,并论述了系统中采用的关键技术,包括星间路由、设备负载调度以及信道仿真算法等。最后给出了一个典型仿真脚本的实验数据。