AUV水下回收过程中的操纵性仿真研究

在建立自主水下航行器(简称 AUV)六自由度运动模型的基础上,基于势流理论建立了潜艇运动扰动流场对 AUV 扰动力的计算模型,并对回转体 AUV 在回收时靠近潜艇过程中的操纵性进行了仿真,仿真结果显示,AUV 在靠近潜艇的过程中,潜艇扰动流场对 AUV 深度和侧向位移有较大的影响,而对姿态角的影响较小,因此,回转体 AUV 可以稳定地完成水下的回收运动。     

The Pollution-Routing Problem

The amount of pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on its load and speed, among other factors. This paper presents the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a broader and more comprehensive objective function that accounts not just for the travel distance, but also for the amount of greenhouse emissions, fuel, travel times and their costs. Mathematical models are described for the PRP with or without time windows and computational experiments are performed on realistic instances. The paper sheds light on the tradeoffs between various parameters such as vehicle load, speed and total cost, and offers insight on economies of ‘environmental-friendly’ vehicle routing. The results suggest that, contrary to the VRP, the PRP is significantly more difficult to solve to optimality but has the potential of yielding savings in total cost.     

Timetable-based operation in urban transport: Run-time optimisation and improvements in the operating process

Urban public transit provides an efficient means of mobility and helps support social development and environmental preservation. To avoid loss of ridership, transit authorities have focussed on improving the punctuality of routes that operate using timetables. This paper presents a new approach to generating run-time values that is based on analytical development and micro simulations. The work utilizes previous research (described herein) and the experience acquired by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in operating bus routes based on timetables. Using a sample of historical data, the method used for generating run-time values consists of the following steps: purging and screening atypical trips, based on the consideration of confidence intervals for median trips; segmenting the day into time bands based on the introduction of a new hierarchical classification algorithm; creating initial run-time values based on criteria derived from statistical analysis; adjusting and validating initial run-time values using micro simulations; and evaluating incident-recovery times at the end of trips in order to guarantee the punctual departure of the next trip in the vehicle schedule. To favour service improvement, we also introduced certain indicators that can identify the root causes of non-compliance. As a final step, in order to ensure the applicability and use of the model, we promoted the development of our model within the framework of the HASTUS™ software solution.     

GPS-based optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles’ power demands in a cold weather city

Using the WPG03 duty cycle developed from global positioning data collected in Winnipeg, Canada, real world energy demands and costs are modeled. Three types of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, four temperatures and two charging scenarios are compared to a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Cold temperatures are shown to greatly affect vehicle operation energy costs, which is an important consideration for cold weather cities such as Winnipeg. The largest energy cost savings are obtained for smaller-battery plug-in hybrids that had the opportunity to charge during the day.     

广州市非机动车发展定位研究

非机动车是城市交通系统的重要组成部分,但是否适应广州市的交通情况,仍需要深入研究.本文在总结非机动车发展趋势、广州交通设施和出行特征的基础上,提出广州市非机动车的发展目标和定位,以期对非机动车交通的发展起到一定指导作用.     

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公路客运快递依托客运线路采用直达模式进行运输获得了较好的经济效益,但直达模式却制约着其运输网络的能力和结构. 为提高运输网络的能力,完善运输网络结构,发挥公路客运时效性好的优势,本文提出转运的思想,并用优化模型设计公路客运快递的运输网络,使快件运输时间最小化. 优化模型是带有时间窗的运输网络设计问题,传统算法难以求解,因此用蚁群算法进行求解. 算例分析表明,基于优化模型设计的运输网络可以节省快件的运输时间,提高公路客运快递的运输能力.     

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城市群是区域城市大系统中具有较强活力的子系统,区域优势显著,在空间联系上具有网络性特点. 客观准确地评价各节点的重要度,是城市群区域公路网布局规划中的一个重要环节. 针对城市群的特点,在公路网节点重要度评估中增加了城市流强度评价指标,节点重要度计算中采用了因子分析法进行客观赋权以避免各指标主观赋权的随意性,为进一步更好区分各节点的重要度等级,采用K-Means聚类方法客观划分了城市节点重要度的类别. 最后以中原城市群为例进行了节点重要度的实例计算,结果表明本文方法具有较好的应用价值.     

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运用复杂网络理论和可视化技术,从网络规模、边权分布、点权分布和网络弹性等角度,对2003—2008年中国和美国航空客流加权网络的结构进行对比分析. 研究表明：中国航空客流网络的规模与美国网络差异较大,但其承担航空客流的能力较强,发展潜力极大;中国和美国航空客流网络的边权分布和点权分布都服从幂律分布,呈现出应对随机攻击的稳定性和协同攻击的脆弱性;对中国和美国网络弹性的对比分析表明,多枢纽网络结构的稳定性远强于“三足鼎形”网络,中国应加强对枢纽的建设和管理.     

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为改善过饱和状态交叉口群的交通控制效果,优化了交通控制目标和结构,制定了信号配时方案优化的实施框架. 在分析溢流、滞留排队和阻挡等拥堵诱因的基础上,根据优化过饱和状态交通控制的需求,选取关键路径上通过车辆数最大和平均排队最小作为优化目标. 在单点交叉口层和交叉口群层间增加关键路径层,优化交通控制结构. 结合过饱和状态交叉口群交通控制特性,提出信号配时方案优化的实施框架及分层优化措施. 南京市广州路交叉口群仿真验证结果表明, 按信号配时优化框架建立的配时算法,可显著增大交叉口群内关键路径的通过车辆数,降低平均排队长度,改善过饱和状态交叉口群交通运行状况.