370t凹底车振动平稳性分析

370 t凹底车是目前载重量最大的凹底车,考虑到结构振动对车辆平稳性的影响,把凹底架、大底架和小底架做成柔性体,建立刚柔混合模型进行仿真分析.对比美国5级谱和铁科院实测谱,并通过傅氏逆变换转换为时域信号,用模态综合法进行仿真分析并与试验数据进行了对比,发现美国5级谱的垂向不平顺比我国实际线路情况要恶劣,短波轨道不平顺对该车的结构振动有较大的影响.     

城市轨道交通轨道减振降噪设计研究

城市轨道交通的快速发展在创造良好的经济、社会和环境效益的同时,也不可避免地给城市带来了振动和噪声问题。通过对噪声源进行分析,得出轮轨噪声是城市轨道交通的主要噪声源。因此,合理选择轨道结构的型式是最为有效的减振降噪措施。通过对各种轨道结构减振型式的分析比选,得出轨道减振设计中合理、有效的减振降噪措施。     

弹性通舱管件设计研究

为减少振动能量沿管路的传播,设计了海水管路和一般管路的弹性通舱管件.对这两型弹性通舱管件制订了技术参数,进行了多种方案对比分析后,各确定了两种方案.然后根据实船使用状况对这两型方案采用有限元法进行了静力分析、密性分析和隔振性能分析,还进行了疲劳试验.结果表明:对于通舱管件,在过流件和安装件之间嵌入减振橡胶这样一种设计形式,有效地降低了管路系统振动噪声由通舱管件向舱壁和船体的传递;并能在保障该产品功能和安全性的同时,满足所确定的各项性能参数和声隐身性能等技术要求.该弹性通舱管件可靠性高、减振性能好,并且满足上船安装和使用的相关要求.     

环形阻振质量隔振降噪的实船应用研究

阻振质量与传统减振器的减振机理有很大不同,属于刚性减振器.从工程应用的角度出发,分析阻振质量对振动波传播的影响,采用有限元法探讨环形阻振质量带的阻振特性,分析不同矩形截面形状和不同圆环形状参数对阻振质量隔振特性的影响,最后将环形阻振质量引入双层壳复杂船舶动力艇舱,对环形阻振质量的减振效果进行数值分析.结果表明,阻振质量能有效降低船舶动力舱段的振动及声辐射,为实际水下航行器减振降噪设计提供了新的思路.     

地铁车辆部件隔声性能指标研究

地铁车辆部件作为重要噪声传递路径,其隔声性能对车内噪声有重要影响。文章以我国某型地铁车辆部件为研究对象,通过建立车内噪声预测分析模型,研究了车辆部件的隔声性能指标。结果表明,改变车门、车窗和风挡的隔声量,对车内噪声的抑制效果最显著。     

机载光电设备隔振装置设计开发与性能分析

飞机在飞行的过程中所产生的激励会对机载光电设备产生振动影响,为了保证设备的正常工作,需要安装隔振装置对设备进行隔振.运用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立橡胶隔振支座有限元模型,在外加激励的作用下,对隔振支座进行分析,得到相应的振动响应；同时在满足设计要求的情况下,建立多种型号的隔振支座,设定橡胶材料的阻尼系数并进行模拟,得到的振动响应与外加激励进行对比,在较保守的阻尼比为0.08的情况下,其减振效果能够超过80％,在阻尼比为0.10的情况下起隔振效果能够近似90％.     

冰区航行船舶推进轴系扭转振动研究

本文以低速柴油机船舶推进轴系为研究对象,在对4叶螺旋桨单片桨叶与冰块相互作用激励力矩时域曲线基础之上,得到螺旋桨与冰块作用的总激励力矩时域曲线和频域曲线；采用集总参数法和系统矩阵法分别构建轴系振动模型和振动方程,对未考虑冰载荷和考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用下进行了轴系振动理论计算；同时通过实船测试验证了未考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用时振动数学模型和理论分析方法的正确性,对降低船舶轴系振动和提高船舶安全性具有一定的理论指导意义。     

浅埋隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应分析

为研究隧道爆破作用下邻近框架结构的振动响应机制，以某5层框架结构住宅楼为例，借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立基于隧道爆破-围岩-框架结构的三维耦合数值计算模型，分析隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应。研究结果表明： 数值模拟清晰地展示了隧道爆破作用下围岩和框架结构应力场、位移场的变化情况，给出了爆破振动波从围岩至框架结构的传播过程。通过对比实测测点与数值模拟中对应测点的振动速度时程曲线和频率分布，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在隧道爆破作用下，邻近框架结构梁、柱以及外墙等构件的振动响应并不一致，随结构高度呈现出不同的变化规律。此外，应力集中现象主要发生在建筑物底层外墙、外墙与柱结合处、外墙与梁结合处以及外墙与楼板结合处等非承重部位，表明这些部位更易在隧道爆破过程中发生损伤开裂。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.