公路隧道排送通风系统升压模式分析研究

基于动量定理及能量守恒定律,推导了公路隧道排、送风升压计算理论公式。并应用数值计算方法求得不同工况下公路隧道排、送风升压值,同时将数值计算结果与理论计算值和规范计算值进行了比较分析。对现行规范排、送风升压计算公式中相关系数进行了修正,并给出了理论合理、形式简单的新的排、送风升压计算公式。相关研究结论可供公路隧道通风设计计算参考。     

“DXH”主柴油机排气门故障分析与对策

针对实船一起由排气门引起的船舶主柴油机机损事故,进行故障分析,提出减轻气门盘与气门座的撞击、防止气门盘单边受力以及正确检查与研磨三项具体的管理措施;并对设计制造工作提出进行气门座结构改进、选用新型材料以及限制使用翻新工艺建议。     

8170型柴油机应用可变几何排气管增压系统的计算研究

为了实现8缸柴油机高低负荷兼顾,提出新的可变几何排气管增压系统,通过安装在排气管上的可控阀门来实现增压方式的转换。对可变几何排气管增压系统进行稳态和瞬态计算研究。稳态计算结果表明,与原机MPC增压系统相比,在25%、50%、75%和100%负荷时,可变几何排气管增压系统的平均扫气系数均大于MPC系统的平均扫气系数,油耗均小于MPC增压系统的油耗。瞬态计算结果表明,可控阀门关闭以后,压气机后进气压力增加的程度较大。     

The Pollution-Routing Problem

The amount of pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on its load and speed, among other factors. This paper presents the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a broader and more comprehensive objective function that accounts not just for the travel distance, but also for the amount of greenhouse emissions, fuel, travel times and their costs. Mathematical models are described for the PRP with or without time windows and computational experiments are performed on realistic instances. The paper sheds light on the tradeoffs between various parameters such as vehicle load, speed and total cost, and offers insight on economies of ‘environmental-friendly’ vehicle routing. The results suggest that, contrary to the VRP, the PRP is significantly more difficult to solve to optimality but has the potential of yielding savings in total cost.     

考虑环境因素的公交车队管理研究

提出了一种公交车辆管理模型,可以在考虑环境因素以及资金、技术等限制条件下做出车辆购买、淘汰的决策.在满足污染物排放限定条件下达到成本投入最小.通过案例分析,结果表明该模型行之有效.     

船舶脱硫系统安装工艺

为适应大量船舶进行脱硫改造的需求,介绍脱硫系统的构成与形式和脱硫原理与脱硫系统配置要求,论述脱硫设备安装、脱硫管系泵压试验和脱硫系统调试等脱硫系统安装工艺。经实船验证,脱硫系统安装工艺对其他船舶的同类施工具有借鉴和推广价值。     

扬州瘦西湖隧道通风系统设计

扬州瘦西湖隧道为穿过国家5A级风景名胜区的单管双层隧道,为了解决洞口环保问题,采用SES对隧道内通风量和污染物浓度进行了模拟计算,结合洞口污染物扩散范围和环境敏感点分布情况,确定了上下层隧道均采用竖井排出式的纵向通风方式;针对烟气沉降速度快的特点,优化了横断面布置,在盾构段和部分明挖段设置排烟道,采用重点排烟的方式,人员安全可用疏散时间提高了1倍,并且在疏散楼梯间采用了上下层分别设置加压送风机的方式,确保了烟气不会进入非事故隧道,极大地提高了人员的安全性。     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

Strategies to achieve deep reductions in metropolitan transportation GHG emissions: the case of Philadelphia

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates strategies that could achieve an 80% reduction in transportation emissions from current levels by 2050 in the City of Philadelphia. The baseline daily lifecycle emissions generated by road transportation in the Greater Philadelphia Region in 2012 were quantified using trip information from the 2012 Household Travel Survey (HTS). Emissions were projected to the year 2050 accounting for population growth and trends in vehicle technology for both the Greater Philadelphia Region and the City of Philadelphia. The impacts of vehicle technology and shifts in travel modes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2050 were quantified using a scenario approach. The analysis of 12 different scenarios suggests that 80% reduction in emissions is technically feasible through a combination of active transportation, cleaner fuels for public transit vehicles, and a significant market penetration of battery-electric vehicles. The additional electricity demand associated with greater use of electric vehicles could amount to 10.8 TWh/year. The use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) shows promising results due to high reductions in GHG emissions at a potentially manageable cost.     

Modeling the relationships among urban passenger travel carbon dioxide emissions,transportation demand and supply,population density,and proxy policy variables

To support the development of policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging reduced travel and increased use of efficient transportation modes, it is necessary to better understand the explanatory effects that transportation, population density, and policy variables have on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. This study presents the development of a model of CO₂ emissions per capita as a function of various explanatory variables using data on 146 urbanized areas in the United States. The model takes into account selectivity bias resulting from the fact that adopting policies aimed at reducing emissions in an urbanized area may be partly driven by the presence of environmental concerns in that area. The results indicate that population density, transit share, freeway lane-miles per capita, private vehicle occupancy, and average travel time have a statistically significant explanatory effect on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. In addition, the presence of automobile emissions inspection programs, which serves as a proxy indicator of other policies addressing environmental concerns and which could influence travelers in making environmentally favorable travel choices, markedly changes the manner in which transportation variables explain CO₂ emission levels.