承载力不足承台的加固设计研究

目前在桥梁结构的设计中,对桥梁承台研究不够,给桥梁结构的建设与运营留下了较多的安全隐患。该文从桥梁承台的一般设计理论与方法出发,采用撑系杆体系计算模式,对两座桥梁承台进行受力分析,并且针对承载能力严重不足的承台提出了预应力承台加固法及墩身加宽法,分别给出施工方案及适用范围,供相关工程技术人员参考。     

高铁常用跨度简支梁桥上轨道周期性不平顺影响分析

通过对桥梁徐变上拱设计和相应规定、轨道不平顺检测方法、实测资料以及线路规范的对比和理论计算,进行高铁常用跨度预应力混凝土简支梁桥上轨道产生波长为32 m的轻微周期性不平顺现象研究。结果表明:线路、桥梁规范中线路高低Ⅰ级管理值、梁跨竖向残余变形的规定是一致的;轨面不平顺静、动态检测结果不可以用来直接对比;京沪高铁桥上轨道周期不平顺的桥跨长度占比随着时间发展逐渐增大,开通4年后占比持平至约66%,桥上轨道周期性不平顺峰值均值、标准差及变异系数分别约为2.28 mm,0.57 mm和0.25;开通5年后98.4%,99.9%和100%的桥上轨道周期性高低不平顺峰值分别小于5,6和7 mm;当连续多跨简支梁徐变值均大于3 mm时,线路TQI高低已超过规范管理限值,建议通过轨面设置反预拱度,避免由梁体徐变带来的大面积轨道精调作业。     

悬移质含沙量沿垂线的分布理论研究

文章基于悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布的概念及理论研究现状,通过实测数据资料计算,对比分析了悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布实测值与扩散理论劳斯方程及各修正方法计算结果的拟合程度,证实了扩散理论公式的合理性以及相关修正方法的可行性。     

油金大桥体外预应力施工加固方法研究

桥梁病害影响着桥梁结构安全与交通运输行车安全,文中分析了油金大桥主要病害,从加固设计办案、底板锚固构造和新增横隔板施工、墩顶横隔板转向器安装、材料控制与预应力施工等方面,介绍体外预应力施工加固方法。     

桥梁预应力盖梁的设计与应用

结合忻保高速公路的设计经验,对某处桥梁预应力盖梁的设计及其应用情况进行了较详细的介绍。     

锚塞回缩对预应力的影响

锚塞回缩是预应力钢筋混凝土施工中存在的普遍性问题,也是影响预应力值精度的主要原因之一.本文重点介绍预应力筋规范性张拉方法、锚塞回缩产生的原因、锚塞回缩对预应力值的影响程度以及对预应力值过大损失的处理方法和措施.     

Comparison of numerical and experimental results of nonlinear wave-induced vertical ship motions and loads

 A nonlinear time-domain procedure is presented which is used to calculate the vertical responses of a container ship advancing in head waves. The method assumes linear radiation forces represented by time convolution of memory functions, infinite frequency added masses, and radiation restoring coefficients. The nonlinear hydrostatic restoring and Froude–Krilov forces are computed exactly over the instantaneous wetted surface of the ship's hull. Forces due to green water on deck are calculated using the momentum method. Nonlinear effects are identified on different vertical ship responses, namely on the heave and pitch motions, the vertical accelerations, and the vertical bending moment. These non-linear effects are expressed by the variation of the transfer function with the wave amplitude, the higher-order harmonics of the time signals, the offset of the time series, and the asymmetry of the peaks. The numerical results and the quantified nonlinear effects are compared with experimental results showing an ability to reproduce the main nonlinear effects. Received: December 17, 2001 / Accepted: January 31, 2002     

The Dead Sea hydrography from 1992 to 2000

The modern hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is strongly affected by anthropogenic activity. The natural fresh water budget has changed mainly due to the drastic reduction of runoff. Since 1977, the surface level of the Dead Sea has been lowered by an average rate of about 60 cm/year and for the period from 1998 to 2000, the lowering rate has reached about 100 cm/year. As a result of the runoff reduction, the upper layer salinity of the Dead Sea has increased and the gravitational stability of the water body was diminished. Eventually, during the winter of 1978–1979, the lake waters overturned, bringing to an end the long-term stable meromictic¹ hydrological regime. The lake entered a new phase in which its hydrological regime switches between holomictic and meromictic regimes, depending on the size of the runoff into the lake (i.e. the amount of precipitation in the lake's watershed). The first holomictic period, 1979–1980, lasted for 2 months only. It was succeeded by a 4-year meromictic period (1980–1983). The second holomictic period lasted for 9 years (1983–1991). The rainy winter of 1991–1992 resulted in an almost 2-m sea level rise. The upper layer with a relatively low salinity was restored and a new meromictic period persisted for 4 years, until winter 1995–1996. During the last meromictic period, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea was characterized by following long-term trends: the depth of the summer thermocline increased from 12–15 to 25–30 m; the quasi-salinity of the upper layer, initially of about 164 kg/m³, increased rapidly at a rate of about 16–18 kg/m³/year; the quasi-salinity of the deep water, initially of about 235 kg/m³, decreased slowly at a rate of about 0.08–0.10 kg/m³/year (for the sake of comparison, a quasi salinity of 235 kg/m³ is the equivalent of 280‰ “usual” salinity); and the winter minimal temperature of the upper layer, initially of about 16 °C, increased rapidly at a rate of about 2 °C/year. In November 1995, the latest meromictic period of the Dead Sea came to an end. During the present holomictic period, 1996–2000, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is also characterized by long-term trends: the quasi-salinity of the entire Dead Sea increased at a rate of about 0.5 kg/m³/year, with practically no decrease during the winters; the temperature of the deep water mass increased with a rate of about 0.25 °C/year; and the period of vertical convection of the entire water column, initially about 3 months, increased at a rate of about 1 week/year. Moreover, we observed that the temperature and salinity of the bottom layer in the deepest part of the Dead Sea raised by about 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.15–0.25 kg/m³ during each holomictic summer.     

全幅双柱大挑臂预应力盖梁施工支架的搭设与受力验算

介绍山岭重丘区高速公路的部分桥梁因受地形限制,下部结构采用全幅双柱大挑臂预应力盖梁施工时,支架的搭设与受力验算的施工经验和建议。     

小导管注浆锚固技术在道路纵向开裂病害处治中的应用

在对南宁至友谊关高速公路典型工点侧向变形、纵向开裂病害检测与形成机制分析的基础上,借鉴岩土锚固技术原理,提出小导管注浆锚固综合处治技术,总结了设计方法、施工与质量控制。实践证明,该工艺具有高效、经济、可靠、对运营公路干扰小等优点,为处治道路纵向开裂病害提供新理念。