基于Maxwell脉冲脱扣器动态特性的研究

本文基于电磁场理论和Maxwell仿真软件,建立脉冲脱扣器的动态仿真模型.通过仿真分析电容、电压等电气参数以及脉冲脱扣器的结构参数对脉冲脱扣器的动态特性影响,确定电容参数为470μF、初始间隙为7mm.研究结果表明,脉冲脱扣器动铁芯受到电磁吸力随着电压增加而增加,当电压升到220 V时电磁吸力随着电压的升高而缓慢的增加...     

运行车速检验在公路线形设计中的应用

文章分析了传统的路线线形设计特点及存在的问题,介绍运行车速协调性的理念在路线几何设计中的应用情况,同时按照运行车速的新理念对路线几何线形进行检验,以便在现有的设计条件下得到一个合理的线形设计方法。     

纯粉煤灰路堤土工离心模型试验研究

文章通过土工离心模型试验,研究了不同干密度和含水量对纯粉煤灰路堤变形特征的影响规律;同时也研究了不同边坡坡度对路堤变形的影响。试验结果表明,纯粉煤灰路堤具有自重轻、沉降小和稳定性能高的特点。     

The overall effects of road works on global warming gas emissions

Road characteristics influence the amount of pollution generated by traffic. They govern the rolling resistance, which includes: the viscoelastic behaviour of the pavement structure, surface texture, and profile unevenness. Road works are performed on a periodic basis to maintain these characteristics at proper levels of service (e.g. safety, comfort, and noise). While such works produce additional pollution (due to congestion around worksites or extra fuel consumption along the detour route), they still result in less pollution over the long term. This article assesses the balance between an increase in gas emissions during road works and the reduction in emissions from traffic once the works are completed. It is demonstrated that when road works are introduced to correct longitudinal profiles, rather than texture, the emissions benefit is substantial.     

Passenger travel characteristics and bus operational states: a study based on IC card and GPS data in Yinchuan,China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, public transport has been developing rapidly and producing large amounts of traffic data. Emerging big data-mining techniques enable the application of these data in a variety of ways. This study uses bus intelligent card (IC card) data and global positioning system (GPS) data to estimate passenger boarding and alighting stations. First, an estimation model for boarding stations is introduced to determine passenger boarding stations. Then, the authors propose an innovative uplink and downlink information identification model (UDI) to generate information for estimating alighting stations. Subsequently, the estimation model for the alighting stations is introduced. In addition, a transfer station identification model is also developed to determine transfer stations. These models are applied to Yinchuan, China to analyze passenger flow characteristics and bus operations. The authors obtain passenger flows based on stations (stops), bus lines, and traffic analysis zones (TAZ) during weekdays and weekends. Moreover, average bus operational speeds are obtained. These findings can be used in bus network planning and optimization as well as bus operation scheduling.     

Understanding neighbourhood design impact on travel behaviour: An application of structural equations model to a British metropolitan data

The objective of this study is to explore whether changes in neighbourhood characteristics bring about changes in travel choice. Residential self-selection is a concern in the connections between land-use and travel behaviour. The recent literature suggests that a longitudinal structural equations modelling (SEM) approach can be a powerful tool to assess the importance of neighbourhood characteristics on travel behaviour as opposed to the attitude-induced residential self-selection. However, the evidence to date is limited to particular geographical areas and evidence from one country might not be transferrable to another because of differences in land-use patterns and land-use policies. The paper is to address the gap by extending the evidence using British data. The case study is based on the metropolitan area of Tyne and Wear, North East of England, UK. A SEM is applied to 219 respondents who reported residential relocation. The results identify that neighbourhood characteristics do influence travel behaviour after controlling for self-selection. For instance, the more people are exposed to public transport access, the more likely they drive less. Neighbourhood characteristics also impact through their influence on car ownership. A social environment with vitality also reduces the amount of private car travel. These findings suggest that land-use policies at neighbourhood level can play an important role in reducing driving.     

散粮泊位清舱机的选择

主要介绍大连港大窑湾散粮码头清舱机的特点及性能。     

基于车载OBD数据的小汽车出行特征分析——以北京市为例

小汽车出行特征是城市道路网运行的重要影响因素之一。采集小汽车出行数据并深入分析其出行行为特征,是引导小汽车出行方式转变、降低机动车使用强度的重要条件,能够为交通精细化管理和政策制定提供支持。基于车载OBD可采集到的小汽车出行数据和轨迹数据,提出小汽车出行特征分析方法,得到出车率、出行次数、出行距离等量化指标,分析不同阶段、不同区域、不同政策下的出行指标变化特征。利用大数据分析方法对出行规律深层挖掘,进一步获得用户画像、路网非直线系数等交通特征。分析结果表明,车载OBD数据能够较好地反映小汽车出行行为特征,并对交通需求管理政策的实施效果做出定量评价。     

沙漠公路交通安全特性

为了对沙漠公路交通安全现状、事故特征和成因进行分析,广泛收集了塔克拉玛干沙漠公路通车以来的交通事故统计数据,并深入实地进行了调研。研究表明沙漠公路交通事故次数春秋高于冬季,午间、傍晚和夜间相对较高;交通事故自北向南逐渐减少,然而事故的严重程度却是由北向南逐渐增加;影响道路交通安全的天气现象主要有沙漠高温和风沙天气,人是导致交通事故的主要因素,主体是汽车驾驶员;道路交通环境极易导致超速和违规;公路沿线绿化工程在一定程度上影响行车安全;沙漠公路上仍然缺乏必要的安全保障设施和应急反应机制。     

斜交预应力箱梁钢绞线形状特性及其影响

斜交预应力箱梁位于腹板的钢绞线是三维曲线,若简化为平面曲线进行计算,将使下料长度和竖向弯起角与实际有不可忽略的误差,并影响张拉伸长量的计算结果,故有必要结合工程实例对其进行详细介绍。