高速公路施工对环境的影响及对策研究

高速发展的公路建设带来一系列的环境问题。文章分析了高速公路施工对环境和生态两个方面的影响,并针对各种影响要素,提出相应的环境保护策略。     

汽车空调换热器发展趋势的研究

汽车空调中的换热器是非常重要的部件,它们是空调换热性能最关键的部件,当今汽车零部件的发展是体积小型化、高性能的要求,在换热器上的发展也是日新月异。通过研究世界上著名的汽车空调厂家的换热器的最新的发展趋势,为国内换热器的发展提供一定的参考。     

狭窄用地空间下与环境共生的京张高铁清河站设计创新

京张高铁清河站周边紧邻既有轨道交通、高速公路、办公及住宅区,用地狭窄,限制因素极多.通过对清河站周边现状、制约因素进行分析,提出狭窄用地空间下的设计策略及方法,即提出与既有高速公路直接相连并充分利用桥下空间的设计方法,实现"站"与"城"的畅通融合和功能融合;提出既有轨道交通落地与国铁站场并场设计方法,实现多种交通方式的...     

Crosswind‐based optimization of multiple runway orientations

The runway orientation must satisfy the operational requirements of aircraft for landing and takeoff. Actually, the runway orientation is the result of compromises between the airport usability (wind coverage) and additional factors, such as available land, existing obstructions, topographic difficulties, flight path interference among runways and airports, noise pollution, and other environmental impacts. Therefore, the solution of a combination of acceptable runway orientations, which avoids excessive crosswinds at least 95% of the time, as well as the optimal orientation solution, is essential to conduct those compromises in the runway orientation analysis. The objective of this paper is to develop a computer model, named the optimization of multiple runway orientations model, which is capable of simultaneously providing a combination of acceptable runway orientations, changing the allowable crosswind limit flexibly, and determining the optimal orientations of multiple runway configurations. Instead of visual estimation or geometric computation, this paper presents an analytical method for wind coverage analysis. The model is mainly running in spreadsheet and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The numerical example and comparison show that the optimization of multiple runway orientations model is competitively accurate and convenient in comparison with previous ones. This paper presents an up‐to‐date model for the optimization of multiple runway orientations. By combining it with the geographic information system obstructions model, it can become an essential element of a future model for airport development cost minimization that combines airfield land use, earthwork volume, and cost estimation modules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effective Public Participation is Fundamental for Marine Conservation—Lessons from a Large-Scale MPA

The Representative Areas Program (RAP) was, at the time, the most comprehensive process of community involvement and participatory planning for any environmental issue in Australia. The RAP was a key component of the widely acclaimed rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and although completed in 2003, many lessons learned are still relevant today. This paper provides an analysis of the comprehensive public participation program that significantly influenced the final planning outcome. It provides insights into a fundamental component of effective marine planning, assessing what worked well and what did not in terms of public engagement. Some aspects of the public participation program were innovative, and some were more effective than others. The outcome was one-third of the Marine Park was declared as highly protected no-take zones in 2004, with the remainder of the park also zoned to provide lower levels of protection. The methods used to engage the public and the 25 lessons discussed in this paper should be of interest for practitioners, policy makers and academics elsewhere aiming for “good practice” approaches to achieve environmental conservation.     

带式压滤机环保疏浚泥浆絮凝技术

由于带式压滤机环保疏浚工程的泥浆絮凝施工这一关键技术,受到泥浆浓度、絮凝剂选型、用量、絮凝时间、搅拌时间等诸多因素影响,在工程已选定压滤机设备类型、泥浆特性以及絮凝剂选型的条件下,依托武汉市南湖环保疏浚工程,进行相关技术研究及改进,在泥浆絮凝环节乃至整个环保疏浚脱水固化环节起到节约絮凝剂、减少工作量、提高施工效率和施工质量的良好效果。     

环境烈度因子在FPSO船体梁强度评估中的应用

由于作业方式不同,用于计算FPSO与不限定航线条件下船舶设计载荷的规范计算公式不一样,如何将现有的关于普通海船的规范用于FPSO的设计评估是FPSO研究中的关键问题.基于现有常规钢质海船规范,文章采用环境烈度因子(ESF)对用于计算运营于无限航区船舶设计载荷的规范公式进行修正,将修正后的公式作为FPSO设计载荷的计算公式.利用所得FPSO载荷计算公式计算某30万吨FPSO设计载荷,并采用薄壁梁理论对船体梁强度进行校核.将校核结果与未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果进行比较,发现未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果明显偏大.同时,采用薄壁梁理论进行船体梁剪切强度评估,可以避免建立全船有限元模型.     

船用生活污水处理要求和技术的发展

本文通过自1973年MARPOL公约通过以来,船舶生活污水相关的法规的发展过程、国内外船舶生活污水处理技术的发展及应用,分析了国内外处理技术的发展及相关设备研制的现状,并展望了法规和技术的发展趋势。为行业内相关技术及设备开发和标准研究的工作者提供参考。     

基于实用LCA的绿色江海直达船型环境负荷分析与方案比选

提出应用于船舶的实用化LCA方法,构建环境评价指数CE,通过不确定性分析计算500 TEU江海直达集装箱船及其改进方案的环境影响。计算结果表明:原船型方案在船舶营运阶段产生的环境影响最大,采用LNG双燃料发动机和超规范干舷设计的船型方案能显著提高该船型的环保性。     

长江干线水运量和承载能力研究

考虑长江水运与生态环境相互作用影响,引入资源环境学科的承载能力概念,研究界定了长江干线水运承载能力的内涵。构建了与货运量、航道通过能力、船流密度、船舶污染物排放等诸多因素相关联的长江干线水运承载能力的算法。以船舶污染物排放总量不增长为前提,得出了2035年长江干线水运承载能力。分析表明,如果环境容量允许适度增长,或进一步优化运输组织、改善提高船舶技术性能、应用清洁能源、控制污染物排放,长江干线水运承载能力尚有较大提升空间。