港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程的建立

从法律和理论层面分析了建立港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程的必要性,确定了需要进行环境影响评价的港口的时空边界;给出了上述边界内水环境影响因子、大气环境影响因子、声环境影响因子和土壤环境影响因子的具体项目;在此基础上构建了港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程。所得结果将有助于形成绿色GDP核算体系下的港口建设项目国民经济评价。     

港口环保竣工验收发现的主要问题及预防对策

通过调查国内14个代表性港口近20个国家级大、中型建设项目的环保竣工验收情况,对港口项目环保验收中存在的普遍性问题进行总结和分析。调查结果表明,各港口建设项目竣工环境保护执行情况总体良好,但也存在着包括施工期环境管理不到位、施工期环境监测计划落实不全面、营运期环保设施运行效果不佳等问题。存在问题的有效预防和解决途径应是建立施工期工程环境监理制度和环保备案制度,加大对建设单位的宣传教育,强化环保意识和守法意识,以及加强港口建设项目营运期环境保护监管力度等。     

城市轨道交通设备系统可持续发展的技术对策

分析目前城市轨道交通设备系统可持续发展所面临的技术问题,包括系统设备投资大、占用地下空间大,设备系统运行能耗多、维护成本高,车辆的噪声、振动对周边环境影响较大等,提出"树立节约理念,减少建设期的资源消耗"、"提高系统效率,减少运营期的能源消耗"、"增强环保意识,采用新型清洁能源及环保产品"等一系列保证可持续发展的技术对策.     

浅谈大通河流域水电开发与生态环境保护

该文针对目前大通河水电开发中电站建设与生态环境保护之间日趋尖锐的矛盾,指出了在高原河流水电开发过程中对生态环境存在的影响;并针对这些影响,提出了相应的解决对策,以便于最大限度地保护(或不破坏)现有生态环境,合理地开发利用水电资源,为类似水电开发时对生态环境的保护提供参考和借鉴。     

Design and evaluation of railway corridors based on spatial ecological and geological criteria

Transport infrastructure is closely linked to several sustainability issues of main policy relevance, and significant impacts on biodiversity as well as resource use and construction costs relate to the corridor design and location in the landscape. The aim of this study was to develop methods for railway corridor planning, in which corridor design and location would be based on important ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The method, an MCA framework including both spatial and non-spatial MCA, was demonstrated on a railway planning proposition in an urbanising area north of Stockholm, Sweden. Alternative spatial alignments for 6 railway corridors were derived based on criteria representing biodiversity, resource efficiency and costs, developed from ecological and geological knowledge, data and models. The method identified a study area specific positive synergy between ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The evaluation part of the methodology could furthermore identify uncertainties in the input data and assumptions and conflicts between ecological criteria. In order to arrive at a well-informed decision support system, the criteria as well as the decision rules employed could be further elaborated. Other relevant sustainability issues would also need to be integrated, such as cultural landscapes, recreation, and other ecosystem services. Still, arriving at a corridor design informed by the ecological and geological conditions in the planned area, as demonstrated by this study, could improve the sustainability performance of transport infrastructure planning.     

公路网规划环境评价技术方法

公路网规划环境评价在中国尚处于起步阶段, 还没有完善的理论体系和成熟的技术方法, 为探索公路网规划环境评价的理论和方法, 以可持续发展的思想为理论基础, 从生态影响类行业的环境特点出发, 对公路网规划环境评价的技术方法进行了分析, 提出了从资源、生态、环境承载力等宏观角度确定规划环境评价敏感问题的原则、公路网规划环境影响评价指标及公路网规划环境合理性评价方法, 为中国公路网规划环境评价提供技术参考。     

改善城市道路机动车排放污染的智能交通手段

论述了发展智能交通系统(ITS) 对缓解城市道路交通矛盾, 减少机动车排放污染的基本原理与控制手段。ITS不仅可提高道路交通运输与管理效率, 更是一种控制道路交通污染的重要手段。作为该理论的一种实际验证, 对重庆市拥有2.5万辆规模的路桥不停车电子收费系统进行了检测。通过实测表明: 同一路段实施不停车收费与停车缴费相比, 前者可使机动车排放物CO降低1.72倍, NO_x可降低0.49倍, THC可降低0.1 7倍, 改善大气环境质量效果明显。     

Assessment of stratospheric fuel burn by civil commercial aviation

When jetliners fly in the stratosphere, their emissions tend to be longer-lived and therefore have greater environmental impact. Since the altitude of the tropopause is not consistent and can be as low as 23,000 ft., cruising flights may have a great chance to fly into the stratosphere. In this paper, we present a simple and rapid method to estimate the extent of US commercial passenger and cargo flight that currently occurs in the stratosphere, based on publicly available historical data from 2008 to 2012. We model the vertical profile of a flight and compare it with the height of the tropopause along its route. Our analysis covers 78% of the total travelled distance reported by the United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, and shows that these flights burnt ∼11 million tons of fuel annually, or ∼31% of cruise fuel, in the stratosphere between 2008 and 2012. Our results also show that the chance of flying into stratosphere varies by area, but flights within the contiguous United States tend to stay below the stratosphere. Moreover, the stratosphere fuel burn of Asia-US flights may be significantly reduced by taking jet stream routes.     

公路建设与环境工程地质条件

修建公路是人类社会发展和经济活动的必然,要想富,先修路,在公路勘察、设计、施工中应全面研究地表、地下及周围地区各种环境工程地质条件,合理建设、开发、改造和保护工程地质环境,是可持续发展的基本条件。     

循环经济在港口环境保护工作中的拓展

从"循环经济"理念的拓展入手,分析了港口项目环保工作中涉及"循环经济"的不同层次,提出了港口环境保护工作中"循环经济"的具体落实措施;结合"天津港吹填淤泥造陆实践"等实例,探讨了如何充分发展"循环经济"对港口环境保护工作的促进作用,并对"循环经济"与"港口环境保护"的结合点进行了初步研究。