Mobility and environment improvement of signalized networks through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications

Traffic signals, even though crucial for safe operations of busy intersections, are one of the leading causes of travel delays in urban settings, as well as the reason why billions of gallons of fuel are burned, and tons of toxic pollutants released to the atmosphere each year by idling engines. Recent advances in cellular networks and dedicated short-range communications make Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications a reality, as individual cars and traffic signals can now be equipped with communication and computing devices. In this paper, we first presented an integrated simulator with V2I, a car-following model and an emission model to simulate the behavior of vehicles at signalized intersections and calculate travel delays in queues, vehicle emissions, and fuel consumption. We then present a hierarchical green driving strategy based on feedback control to smooth stop-and-go traffic in signalized networks, where signals can disseminate traffic signal information and loop detector data to connected vehicles through V2I communications. In this strategy, the control variable is an individual advisory speed limit for each equipped vehicle, which is calculated from its location, signal settings, and traffic conditions. Finally, we quantify the mobility and environment improvements of the green driving strategy with respect to market penetration rates of equipped vehicles, traffic conditions, communication characteristics, location accuracy, and the car-following model itself, both in isolated and non-isolated intersections. In particular, we demonstrate savings of around 15% in travel delays and around 8% in fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Different from many existing ecodriving strategies in signalized road networks, where vehicles’ speed profiles are totally controlled, our strategy is hierarchical, since only the speed limit is provided, and vehicles still have to follow their leaders. Such a strategy is crucial for maintaining safety with mixed vehicles.     

Connected vehicle penetration rate for estimation of arterial measures of effectiveness

The Connected Vehicle (CV) technology is a mobile platform that enables a new dimension of data exchange among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. This data source could improve the estimation of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) for traffic operations in real-time, allowing to perfectly monitor traffic states after being fully adopted. However, as with any novel technology, the CV adoption will be a gradual process. This research focuses on determining minimum CV technology penetration rates that would guarantee accurate MOE estimates on signalized arterials. First, we present estimation methods for various MOEs such as average speed, number of stops, acceleration noise, and delay, followed by an initial assessment of the penetration rates required to accurately estimate them in undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. Next, we propose a methodology to determine the minimum CV market penetration rates to guarantee accurate MOE estimates as a function of traffic conditions, signal settings, sampling duration, and the MOE variability. A correction factor is also provided to account for small vehicle populations where sampling is done without replacement. The methodology is tested in a simulated segment of the San Pablo Avenue arterial in Berkeley, CA. The outcomes show that the minimum penetration rate required can be estimated within 1% for most MOEs under a wide range of traffic conditions. The proposed methodology can be used to determine if MOE estimates obtained with a portion of CV equipped vehicles can yield accurate enough results. The methodology could also be used to develop and assess control strategies towards improved arterial traffic operations.     

集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究

从集装箱堆场常见的倒箱原因进行分析，辅以实例利用搜索技术理论提出了出口箱箱位的合理分配以及减少倒箱率的措施。重点对集装箱堆场系统的优化进行了研究。     

浅析汽车零部件表面涂层中性盐雾试验后脱落的原因

汽车零部件表面涂层中性盐雾试验后出现大面积的脱落,通过对试验现象的观察与分析,最终找到了导致涂层脱落的主要原因是涂装前表面预处理时,锈迹、氧化皮和油污等没有处理彻底所致。     

陕西省6岁和12岁儿童患龋情况调查分析

对陕西省城乡２０４２名６岁儿童及２０５６名１２岁儿童进行了患龋情况的调查。结果表明：６岁儿童乳牙龋均和患龋车男女间无显著性差异；１２岁儿童恒牙龋均和患龋中女性明显高于男性；城市）Ｌ童乳恒牙龋均和患龋率均较农村儿童显著升高。与本省１９８３年的资料比较，虽然有些指标已达到ＷＨＯ所要求的目标，但城市儿童乳牙患塘中较高。提示今后应进一步加强城市学龄前儿童的口腔预防保健工作。     

真空卸污系统管道设计参数试验研究

结合真空卸污系统管道设计参数试验研究,介绍真空卸污系统中管道设计的主要参数,叙述主要参数在设计过程中的计算与选取的方法。通过真空卸污系统的仿真试验,将沿程水头损失随机选取计算,并分析计算结果;根据澳标选取气液比,并通过计算验证气液比的可靠性;选取不同数量的卸污点与不同卸污单元软管长度进行卸污试验,并对试验结果进行分析。     

基于业务的SNCP在寿平铁路的应用

通信系统的建设遵循技术成熟、经济适用、同时满足发展需要的原则,网络结构满足运营维护管理体制的要求,传输系统必须具备较高的网络保护和恢复能力。基于寿平铁路通信传输系统组网及益羊线既有运营维护管理体制,本次工程通信传输系统组网旨在保证业务的高度可靠。通过参照子网连接保护(SNCP)已广泛用于传输系统的组网案例,其适用于各种网络拓扑结构,倒换速度快,可实时切换工作通道和保护通道。为此,选用基于业务的SNCP作为本线传输系统的网络保护方式,以双发选收的原则保证通信传输业务的高度可靠,并在优化网络结构的同时,一定程度上提高益羊线传输系统的通道利用率。     

大型倒虹吸进、出口渐变段水头损失系数的试验研究

通过对倒虹吸模型试验的研究,采用试验、分析、回归计算得到了大型倒虹吸进、出口渐变段水头损失系数,填补了现有文献资料的空白。     

直流接触器烧损原因分析及检修工艺

介绍了某型直流接触器的工作原理,分析了接触器烧损的原因,并对检修工艺提出了建议。