欧洲大客车发展动向

欧洲客车潮流对中国客车行业影响很大,本文介绍了欧洲大客车的发展动向,供行业内人士理解、吸收,为研发适合中国客运市场要求的客车产品提供借鉴。     

葎草花粉致敏蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及其在筛选致敏蛋白组分的应用

目的制备、鉴定兔抗葎草花粉蛋白多克隆抗体,并初步应用于葎草花粉致敏蛋白组分的筛选。方法用葎草花粉变应原浸液免疫兔,获得高效价抗葎草花粉蛋白抗血清,应用琼脂免疫双扩散、ELISA法以及Western blotting鉴定产生的抗体。同时对葎草花粉过敏性哮喘患者血清进行Western blotting检测。结果兔抗血清效价经ELISA检测,效价>1∶10000,免疫双扩散结果表明抗血清只与葎草花粉变应原形成特异性IgG沉淀线,Western blotting检测兔抗血清IgG可以特异性识别葎草花粉8种蛋白组分,分子质量分别为100、88、76、69、65、55、49、38 ku,患者血清IgG可以识别5种蛋白组分,分子质量分别为100、76、55、493、8 ku。结论制备的兔抗血清具有较高效价和较好的特异性,应用该血清筛选出的葎草花粉致敏蛋白组分与患者血清筛选的组分相似,因此可进一步应用于初筛cDNA表达文库。     

发挥科技引领作用 振兴西部交通事业

西部交通建设科技项目的实施推动着湖南交通事业又好又快发展,文章总结了湖南省实施西部项目取得的成绩以及其在解决西部山区交通建设关键技术难题中的作用,阐述了湖南省在西部项目成果推广方面采取的措施。     

重庆山区绕城高速公路立交规划与思考

文章以重庆绕城高速公路立交规划布局为研究基础,对城市外环高速公路立交的布局、等级、技术条件、类型和方案进行了较深入的探讨,并结合工程实践,提出了关于城市外环立交规划布局的几个关键问题的意见和建议。     

Do maritime passengers’ subsidies in Europe affect prices?

Some European governments subsidize their residents when they travel at sea. This paper seeks to analyze the impact on prices of maritime passengers’ subsidies in Europe. Following a review of the scarce academic literature on this topic and the subsidy scheme in Europe, a sample of firms’ prices and other characteristics of 40 European routes for 2016 are analyzed. Both an estimation of a price equation and a matching approach are applied and reach the same conclusion: prices per kilometer are around 40 per cent higher on those subsidized routes due to subsidies. This outcome reduces the potential subsidy gain to consumers.     

Reducing car dependence in the heart of Europe: lessons from Germany,Austria, and Switzerland

Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, and Zurich – the largest cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – have significantly reduced the car share of trips over the past 25 years in spite of high motorisation rates. The key to their success has been a coordinated package of mutually reinforcing transport and land-use policies that have made car use slower, less convenient, and more costly, while increasing the safety, convenience, and feasibility of walking, cycling, and public transport. The mix of policies implemented in each city has been somewhat different. The German cities have done far more to promote cycling, while Zurich and Vienna offer more public transport service per capita at lower fares. All five of the cities have implemented roughly the same policies to promote walking, foster compact mixed-use development, and discourage car use. Of the car-restrictive policies, parking management has been by far the most important. The five case study cities demonstrate that it is possible to reduce car dependence even in affluent societies with high levels of car ownership and high expectations for quality of travel.     

European rail reform and passenger services - the next steps

Whilst the emphasis of European Union rail legislation to date has been on freight, measures such as separation of infrastructure from operations, infrastructure charging regimes and regulation have major implications for the passenger sector. But implementation of these measures in many countries has been inadequate. Crucial to overcoming these problems is the establishment of strong independent regulators in all member states. There is currently no requirement for competition in the passenger sector except for international services, but there is experience both of open access for commercial services and of competitive franchising. However, even where permitted open access competition has been very limited and there is evidence that undesirable cream skimming may be a problem. Experience of franchising has generally been positive, but in some cases it has failed to drive down costs. It is concluded that a combination of more sensible risk sharing, a determination not to renegotiate, longer franchises and limited open access competition where justified by benefits is likely to be the best way forward.     

摩托车发动机电控系统硬件技术研究

以CG125摩托车用汽油发动机156FMI作为样机,提出了满足欧Ⅲ排放标准的摩托车发动机电控系统的设计原则与总体技术方案。对电控系统的转速和负荷测量方案进行了设计,对转速信号轮、节气门体、氧传感器、喷油器等主要零部件的工作原理、选型、安装设计等方面进行了详细叙述。发动机性能试验结果表明所开发的电控发动机的动力性与经济性均优于原化油器式发动机,整车排放满足欧Ⅲ排放标准要求。     

西部二级公路水泥稳定碎石基层施工质量控制方法

文章针对西部地区公路水泥稳定碎石施工质量控制问题,结合广西富川麦岭二级公路施工实践,探讨西部地区二级公路水泥稳定碎石基层施工质量控制方法。     

Cost effective future derailment mitigation techniques for rail freight traffic management in Europe

Safe and reliable traffic management is vital for uninterrupted and successful operation of the European rail network, where mixed traffic (i.e. freight and passenger) services are run. Although rail freight derailment is infrequent, its consequences can be severe and may result in different forms of costs, including infrastructure; rolling stock; traffic disruptions; injuries and fatalities. The objective of this research paper is to conduct a cost benefit analysis (CBA) to identify cost effective mitigation techniques for efficient rail freight traffic management in Europe, by 2050. Reviewing previous derailments and studies, eight sets of derailment causes are analysed and, for each of them, sets of mitigation techniques are aimed at for their alleviation. The study finds that the highest cumulative costs of derailment are associated with ‘wheel failure’, while the lowest cumulative cost is identified for ‘excessive track width’. Regarding mitigation techniques, the lowest cumulative benefits are demonstrated for ‘track height’ interventions, whereas ‘wheel failure’ alleviation demonstrates the highest benefits, in value terms (all by 2050). In most cases, the benefit to cost ratio did not exceed 2.6; in two cases (‘track height’ and ‘rail failures’) the ratio remained below 1 – a negative outcome where cost is higher than benefit. The study suggests that the most cost-efficient interventions are those applied to ‘hot axle box and axle rupture’ and ‘spring and suspension failure’.