欧洲儿童交通安全防护措施及启示

以具体的事故数据为支撑,指出我国儿童交通安全防护措施的不足和问题,同时介绍了欧洲儿童交通安全防护措施。在总结欧洲先进经验的基础上,从政策、立法层面提出改善我国儿童交通安全防护措施的建议,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

东方最古老的下水道(?)被发现

介绍在北京新发现的西周燕都城的下水道。虽然比不上摩亨佐·达罗的历史悠久 ,但从历史的考证看 ,也许是东方最古老的下水道。     

miR-185*对癫痫海马神经元中BDNF-TrkB通路表达的影响

目的研究海马神经元癫痫模型中的BDNF/TrkB信号通路及miR-185*对其的调控。方法构建miR-185*表达载体。体外培养海马神经元,7d后将其随机分为正常组、癫痫组、正常+BDNF组、癫痫+BDNF组、正常转染miR-185*组、癫痫转染miR-185*组、癫痫转染miR-185*+BDNF组。免疫荧光、膜片钳及免疫印迹技术观察转染miR-185*后BDNF/TrkB通路的表达变化。结果癫痫+BDNF组海马神经元细胞的TrkB蛋白磷酸化水平较正常+BDNF组降低,有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常+BDNF组TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平比正常组的磷酸化水平升高,有统计学意义(P<0.001);癫痫+BDNF组TrkB蛋白磷酸化水平比癫痫组升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05);而癫痫+miR-185*+BDNF组的TrkB蛋白磷酸化水平较癫痫+BDNF组和癫痫转染miR-185*组升高(P<0.001)。结论BDNF可以激活BDNF/TrkB信号通路,转染miR-185*后可以消除对癫痫状态下BDNF/TrkB信号传导通路的抑制。     

Dynamics of suprabenthos-zooplankton communities around the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental variables and effects on the biological cycle of Aristeus antennatus

Dynamics of suprabenthos and zooplankton were analyzed in two areas located in the NW (off Sóller harbour) and S (off Cabrera Archipelago) of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) at depths ranging between 135–780 m. Four stations situated respectively at 150 m (shelf-slope break), and at bathyal depths of 350, 650 and 750 m were sampled at bi-monthly intervals during six cruises performed between August 2003 and June 2004. Suprabenthos showed maximum biomass in both areas from late spring to summer (April to August), while minimum biomass was found in autumn (September–November). Though variable, temporal dynamics of zooplankton showed peaks of biomass in late winter and summer (February and June), while minimals occurred in autumn (August–September) and, at bathyal depths, in April. Suprabenthos (abundance; MDS analyses) showed a sample aggregation as a function of depth (3 groups corresponding to the shelf-slope break, upper slope — over 350 m; and the middle, deeper part of the slope — over 650–750 m), without any separation of hauls by season. By contrast, zooplankton samples were separated by season and not by depth. There was evidence of three seasonal groups corresponding to summer (June 2004–August 2003), autumn–winter (September and November 2003, February 2004), and spring (April 2004), being especially well established off Sóller. In general, suprabenthos was significantly correlated with the sediment variables (e.g. total organic matter content (% OM), potential REDOX), whereas zooplankton was almost exclusively dependent on Chl a at the surface, which suggests two different food sources for suprabenthos and zooplankton. The increase of suprabenthos abundance in April–June was paralleled by a sharp increase (ca. 2.8 times) in the %OM on sediment during the same period, coupled ca. 1–2 months of delay with the peak of surface Chl a recorded in February–March (from satellite imagery data). Suprabenthos biomass was also correlated with salinity close to the bottom, suggesting a link between suprabenthos abundance and changes in the oceanographic condition of water masses close to the bottom. It is suggested that a higher suprabenthos biomass recorded off Sóller in comparison to that off Cabrera in June could, in turn, be related to a seasonal inflow of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in April–June in this area at mid bathyal depths (350–650 m). This trend would be based on: 1) it was evident only at mid-slope depths between 350–750 m, coinciding with the LIW distribution, and 2) it was not recorded among zooplankton (collected throughout the water column). The possible effect of the fluctuations of suprabenthos and zooplankton on higher trophic levels has been explored studying the diet and food consumption rates of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, as indicator species by its dominance in bathyal communities. A. antennatus increased its food consumption from February to April–June 2004 off Sóller, which in the case of large (CL > 40 mm) specimens was found in both areas. In addition, there was a shift of diet from winter to spring–early summer. In this last period, A. antennatus preyed upon euphausiids and mesopelagic decapods and fish, while benthos (e.g. polychaetes and bivalves) decreased in the diet. This indicates an increase in the food consumption and probably in the caloric content of the diet in pre-spawning females in April–June 2004, which is synchronized with the period when gonad development begins in A. antennatus females (May–June). Anyway, macrozooplankton, and not suprabenthos, is crucial as a high energetic food source in the coupling between food intake and reproduction in the red shrimp.     

Real time assimilation of HF radar currents into a coastal ocean model

A real time assimilation and forecasting system for coastal currents is presented. The purpose of the system is to deliver current analyses and forecasts on based on assimilation of high-frequency radar surface current measurements. The local Vessel Traffic Service monitoring the ship traffic to two oil terminals on the coast of Norway received the analyses and forecasts in real time.A new assimilation method based on optimal interpolation is presented where spatial covariances derived from an ocean model are used instead of simplified mathematical formulations. An array of high frequency radar antennae provides the current measurements. A suite of nested ocean models comprises the model system. The observing system is found to yield good analyses and short range forecasts that are significantly improved compared to a model twin without assimilation. The system is fast, analysis and 6-h forecasts are ready at the Vessel Traffic Service 45 min after acquisition of radar measurements.     

The influence of oceanographic scenarios on the population dynamics of demersal resources in the western Mediterranean: Hypothesis for hake and red shrimp off Balearic Islands

The aim of the present paper is to study the relationships between some climatic indices and parental stock, recruitment and accessibility to trawl fishery of hake (Merluccius merluccius) and red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) off Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Available annual catch per unit effort, recruitment and spawning stock biomass have been used as biological data. As environmental data, the meso-scale IDEA index and the large-scale North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) indices have been used. To analyze possible links between these indices with the population dynamics of demersal resources, two non-linear approaches have been applied: (i) stock–recruitment relationships from Ricker and Beverton–Holt models, by sequentially incorporating environment factors; (ii) generalized additive modelling, both classical general and threshold non-additive models were considered. The latter simulate an abrupt change in explicative variables across different phases (time periods or climatic index values). The results have shown that two oceanographic scenarios around the Balearic Islands, associated with macro and meso-scale climate regimes, can influence the population dynamics of hake and red shrimp. This is especially true for recruitment, which seems to be enhanced during low NAO and IDEA indices periods. During these periods, colder-than-normal winters generate high amounts of cold Western Mediterranean Intermediate Waters (WIW) in the Gulf of Lions, which flow southwards and reach the Balearic Islands channels in spring, increasing the productivity in the area. This oceanographic scenario could also be favourable to the distribution of hake on the fishing grounds where the trawl fleet targets this species, increasing its accessibility to the fishery. Both spawning stock and abundance of red shrimp seems to be also enhanced by high MO index periods, which could reflect the increased presence of the saline and warm Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) in the study area, extending over the fishing grounds of this species. The proposed interactions can be useful to assess and manage these important demersal resources.     

大鼠激活转录因子3单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的制备特异性识别大鼠激活转录因子3(ATF3)的单克隆抗体(mAb)。方法根据软件预测的结果合成偶联有匙孔绒血蓝蛋白(key holeli mpet hemocyanin,KLH)的大鼠ATF3第168-181位氨基酸多肽。随后免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用杂交瘤技术制备抗大鼠ATF3的mAb。采用快速定性试纸法鉴定该单克隆抗体的亚型和亚类;通过ELISA、Western blot和免疫组织化学法鉴定单克隆抗体的特性。结果获得一株可稳定分泌抗大鼠ATF3 mAb的杂交瘤细胞,其分泌的ATF3单抗的亚型是IgG1,轻链为κ链。Western blot结果显示,该单抗能够特异性识别大鼠细胞内表达的ATF3蛋白。免疫组织化学检测结果表明,在Thy-1肾炎(Thy-1N)大鼠肾细胞胞质及细胞核内均有ATF3表达,但细胞核内的表达量较为显著。结论成功制备了一株抗大鼠ATF3的mAb,为进一步研究ATF3的生物学功能提供了可用的实验材料。     

Testing and Approval Procedures for New Slab Track Systems in Europe

This paper describes the required testing and approval procedures of new track systems operated in Europe. To begin with, test methods and performance specifications according to European Standard (EN) are outlined. These include the repeated loading test, the determination of the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, clamping force and longitudinal rail resistance. The fact that labor tests are unable to simulate all the conditions in situ shows that these labor tests are not sufficient for the evaluation of the long term behaviour of a new track system: a test track of sufficient length must be constructed and exposed to traffic loads. In Europe to be accredited as a new system, a new slab track system must have a trial time of more than two years, during which the features of the whole system can be recognized. In the second part of this paper, the experience of the Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction of TUM concerning the measuring methods of slab track systems carrying traffic are outlined. Also the approval procedure of the new slab tracks in Germany is discussed.     

美国积极评价欧洲积极的交通管理策略

积极的交通管理策略是欧洲近年来基于现有交通条件和技术手段的一系列操作组合,该策略以动态管理交通拥堵和交通安全为目标,关注于出行的可靠性,通过对新技术的集成达到设施的最优化使用。美国通过调研对该策略给予了较高的评价。本文简要介绍了德国积极的交通管理策略方案。     

北欧公路印象与启示

以人为本、尊重自然、适用完善是北欧公路的鲜明特点。本文介绍了北欧公路在总体设计、路线、路基路面、排水、桥遂、交通工程及服务设施、运营管理等方面的具体做法,并结合我国公路的现状提出了一些思路。