西部陆海新通道货运量预测研究

西部陆海新通道在区域协调发展格局中具有战略地位,对我国深化陆海双向开放、推进西部大开发形成新格局等具有重要意义.在分析西部陆海新通道总体规划及铁路网规划的基础上,结合西部陆海新通道功能定位,分析货运量影响因素,从区域间货运量、对外贸易货运量、分流沿江通道货运量3个方面进行运量预测.针对每部分货运量,在分析历年货运量的基...     

Does tourism degrade environmental quality? A comparative study of Eastern and Western European Union

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of tourism on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Eastern and Western European Union (EU) countries by incorporating FDI and trade in the production and CO₂ emission functions. We apply panel econometric techniques which account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The results of Westerlund panel cointegration test confirm a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Results from long-run elasticities suggest that tourism stimulates economic growth in Eastern and Western EU countries. However, tourism increases CO₂ emissions in Eastern EU but decreases in Western EU. This indicates that tourism has an adverse effect on the environment in Eastern EU. Finally, short-run heterogeneous panel causality test results suggest that tourism causes CO₂ emissions in Eastern EU while economic growth and CO₂ emissions cause tourism in Western EU. Overall, our findings suggest that tourism plays an important role in accelerating economic growth; however, its role on CO₂ emissions largely depends on the adaptation of sustainable tourism policies and efficient management.     

欧洲集装箱内河运输经验借鉴

随着全球和区域经济网络的形成和发展,内河集装箱运输得到了迅猛发展,人们日趋认识到内河集装箱运输在集装箱多式联运体系中的重要价值和未来持续增长的潜力。为此,以欧洲集装箱内河运输经验为借鉴,对集装箱内河运输模式进行了分析,内容包括:内河集装箱发展演变特点、给予政府层面的集装箱内河运输推进模式等,在此基础上,对我国的内河集装箱运输,提出了若干建议。     

公路除雪及安全技术的研究

文章介绍了西部交通科技建设项目公路除雪及安全技术研究的目的意义、技术成果,为我国寒冷地区冬季道路养护提供了一套经济有效的除雪防滑技术,其研究成果具有推广应用价值。     

欧洲铁路客车发展动向

介绍了近年来欧洲铁路客车 ,特别是轻轨车、地铁车辆在设计、制造方面的技术发展动向     

Comparing and presenting city-level transportation CO2 emissions using GIS

In 2011, the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) inventory of diffuse emissions became available, providing data on a range of atmospheric emissions at a 5 km resolution across Europe. The data are produced from spatially disaggregated emissions totals for countries, and must be validated before being used at a sub-national level. The UK government maintains a 1 km resolution emissions inventory based on a bottom-up methodology by which a validation is possible. The UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory data are used to assess at what geographic scale the new E-PRTR data might be most useful. This paper compares the two data sets and estimates city-level transportation CO₂ emissions for 149 EU cities. We find that at a functional boundary level the two datasets match well.     

Changes in apparent oxygen removal in the Baltic proper deep water

By developing a steady state diagnostic model for a stratified deep-water mass, one is able to quantify both the mass flows and apparent oxygen removal in the Baltic proper deep water. The model is based on continuity of the assumed conservative observable volume, salinity and temperature. Second degree polynomials are fitted to observed vertical profiles of temperature as well as oxygen concentration to give a functional correspondence with the used spatial variable salinity. These relations are used in the model that calculate the water flows, oxygen flows and oxygen removal during four periods between 1959 and 1997. The model forms a boundary value problem, which is solved with a finite difference scheme. The model seems to give reasonable estimates of the flows. The oxygen removal is mainly balanced by inflow of oxygen with incoming water. The oxygen consumption is 4–8 μl O₂ l⁻¹ day⁻¹, which corresponds to a degradation of organic matter in the range 30–60 g C m⁻² year⁻¹.     

新时期西部高速公路养护管理发展问题研究

从管理体制、技术规范方面梳理、剖析了我国高速公路养护管理发展过程中的问题；对美国、日本、法国等国外高速公路养护管理体制现状科学深入分析，并以借鉴；基于再次分析，按管养经费核算、作业关系、管理职能分类考察，对我国高速公路养护管理制度做出多线性的把握。提出进一步研究的方向，在市场运行机制下更好地为道路使用者服务的养护管理体制和科学可行的评价体系奠定基础。     

Book review

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING, by Jason C. Yu. Elsevier North Holland, New York, 1982. 462 pp. ($32.50 U.S. and Canada, $55.75 elsewhere)

FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, 10th Edition by W. S. Hombur‐ger and James H. Kell. University of California, Institute of Transportation Studies, 1981.

DECISION THEORY AND INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE, by Z. W. Kmietowicz and A. D. Pearman. Gower Publishing Co., Aldershot, England, pp. 121. (£12.50)

URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, by Vukan R. Vuchic. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1981. 673 pp. (£27.20)

AUTOS, TRANSIT AND CITIES, by John R. Meyer and Jose A. Gomez‐Ibanez. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., 1981. 359 pp. ($20.00)

PUBLICITY AND CUSTOMER RELATIONS IN TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT, by David W. Wragg. Gower. 144 pp. (£12.50 case)     

The meaning of car availability in mode choice decisions

The paper examines various definitions of car availability that have been used in the literature, and compares the results when applied to a common data set. It argues that car availability means different things to different people depending on their licence holding/car owning status. Using in‐depth interview data, the factors determining car allocation and transferability within a household, and subsequently mode choice, are discussed. An attempt is made to draw some general conclusions for research and modelling. This suggests that different approaches are required depending on whether or not there is competition for use of the car within a household. Also that in cases of competition, mode choice is not a two‐stage process depending on car availability and trip characteristics, but a concurrent decision based on both of these factors.