Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home

The paper focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of workers at home and those who walk to work and these are compared with commuters (those who travel to work by motorized transportation). Understanding of such characteristics of these people is useful for purposes of designing policies that encourage these forms of "travel" to work, if it is believed desirable for planning or environmental purposes. For example, subsidizing public transportation may also have an impact on the proclivity to work at home or walk to work. Using a large census data set for Israel, separate subsamples are analyzed for heads of household and for their spouses. Metropolitan areas as well as peripheral urbanized areas are analyzed separately. Logit analysis is used to identify those variables that affect the likelihood of different groups of people to walk to work or to work at home.It is shown that walkers to work tend to be lower-income, less-educated people with lower asset ownership rates. Females are overrepresented amongst them, while "high-status" professionals are underrepresented. Workers at home appear to be a more complex group. They tend to have higher levels of education and wealth than commuters, but earn less on average. They include proportionately more females. The likelihood of working at home increases with home size and with ownership of some durable goods. The workers at home may in fact be comprised of two or more differing groups with contrasting characteristics, one higher-income and higher-educated, the other with lower socio-economic indicators. Because they may be a heterogeneous group, development of planning policies to encourage non-vehicle commuting may require different policy tools for the different subgroups.     

南宁-坛洛高速公路滑坡的治理方案

针对南宁坛洛高速公路K18 200~K18 300出现的大滑坡进行了工程地质调查和地质分析,确认边坡的岩土特性,对边坡进行稳定性分析,并提出适合本岩土工程治理的方法,即预应力锚索及锁梁配合预应力锚索桩的综合处治方法,实践表明,该方法是成功的。     

百色-罗村口高速公路沥青路面施工控制要点

文章结合广西百色-罗村口高速公路施工工程实例,分析了广西高速公路沥青路面施工中存在的主要问题,提出了高速公路沥青路面施工控制要点,对我国南方地区高速公路沥青路面施工具有一定的参考价值。     

Non‐compatible chemicals as cargoes in industry,on road,rail, and water

Toronto is to have an urban transit system with a passenger carrying capacity which fills the gap between the capacity of the subway and the capacity of the car and bus. Correspondingly, in the words of the Premier of Ontario, the system will “make possible an attractive alternative to high‐rise, high‐density living and urban sprawl. . . .” Furthermore, the new system is sufficiently economical to provide “. . . an encouragement to growth in appropriate areas, rather than merely responding to growth as it occurs . . .”

The decision to have such a system is the culmination of some years of major transportation activities in the Province, which included the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Transportation Study (MTARTS) of 1962. This study pursued both urban expressways and public transport solutions to the movement of people in Metropolitan Toronto.

The urban expressways programmes ran into difficulties, on environmental terms, when strong opposition from community groups was met on proposed routes. A climax came when the Ontario Government halted the construction of the controversial Spadina expressway in June 1971. However, the programmes of public transport solutions met with great success. The Toronto subway and its extensions, together with the change in land values along the route, has become a classic success story. So, too, has the introduction of the GO Train Service (Government of Ontario train service). This pioneered a combination of commuter rail service and integrated feeder buses and today replaces some 14,000 cars each day along the lakeshore highways.

The success of the subway and the GO train coupled with the difficulties experienced by the urban expressways programme, gave rise to the realisation that a better city through public transport rather than the car, was practicable. However, subways were too expensive and they needed a large patronage in a narrow corridor. Accordingly, an intermediate capacity transit system was sought.

The paper describes the programme of activities involved in the choice of the system and describes the technical specification which the system will enjoy. In particular, the demonstration installation which is to be set‐up in Toronto is described in detail, together with the plans to instal some 56 miles over five routes in Metropolitan Toronto.     

积极推进我国医药企业电子商务化进程

电子商务为世界经济的发展注入了新的活力,医药系统的电子商务化是时代发展的必然趋势。本文在分析我国国内医药企业实现电子商务化过程中所存在的问题的基础上,提出了“B to B”是医药企业实现电子商务的可能模式,并就国内医药企业如何引入电子商务提出了一些建议。     

城市防洪中的景观工程建设理论及实践

该文从“以人为本”的设计思路出发,对目前我国城市防洪中景观工程的规划设计做出了初步研究,提出了新时期城市防洪中建设景观工程的努力方向,并以一个具体工程实例作为论述重点,体现了城市防洪中景观工程的建设重点是水利工程与城市规划、景观娱乐浑然一体的结合。     

城市横向交通

随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市机动车保有量的剧增,使得纵向交通与横向交通的冲突愈来愈突出,导致现有的道路交通设施的利用率进一步降低,机动车的运营速度大幅下降,尤其是公交车,行人与非机动车穿越纵向交通流越来越不方便,安全系数低,纵向交通与横向交通处于不和谐的状态。针对这一交通现状从以人为本的角度出发,以提高城市道路交通系统的使用效率,实现城市的可持续发展为目标来分析横向交通,又建议在所有的道路上逐步实现横向交通与纵向交通的彻底分离。     

通车50年的武汉长江大桥

研究目的：回顾50年前武汉长江大桥设计施工方面的一些问题,并介绍建成通车50年后的实际现状。研究方法：通过回顾武汉长江大桥设计施工各方面的问题,揭示出武汉长江大桥的创新技术对铁路、公路桥梁史的贡献。研究结论：武汉长江大桥质量经历了50年的考验,墩台无丝毫沉陷,钢梁主桁铆钉无一松动,全桥平、立面线型、拱度50年不变。武汉长江大桥的创新技术在此后的50年中,得到了不断的延伸扩展,铁路、公路桥梁又取得了辉煌的业绩。     

大型邮轮安全返港的波浪增阻评估研究

以15万总吨级大型邮轮为研究对象,分别开展迎浪工况下航速6 kn时的波浪增阻模型试验和基于三维势流理论的数值计算,并根据试验和计算的结果预报实船波浪增阻和总阻力.结果显示:模型试验和数值计算得到的波浪增阻因子响应函数及波浪增阻的变化趋势一致,在考虑风阻力后由模型试验与数值计算预报的实船总阻力之间的最大相对误差为3.6％.采用数值计算方法进行大型邮轮安全返港波浪增阻预报是可行的.     

基于D2D技术的车车通信研究

阐述车车之间实现直接通信的应用价值和意义。利用列车在RBC中的注册数据（车次号）及同方向列车在区间内相对固定的运行顺序,在RBC端加入列车通信管理单元协助列车完成身份识别,并对特殊情况下的列车通信管理单元的布置原则进行分析。探讨利用D2D技术实现车车之间的信息互通,在结合C3线路列车的运行特征与D2D技术的模式特征后,选择D2D基站中继模式建立前后行列车的通信模型。在车车通信系统模型建立的基础上,对该系统的故障因素进行分析,利用马尔科夫模型对系统可靠性进行验证,结果显示其可靠性满足目前铁路运输的需求。