轿车外流场的二维数值模拟

本文采用计算流体动力不方法数值求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程，模拟了轿车外流场，计算结果与风洞试验结果基本一致。     

Circulation features in the Japan/East Sea related to statistically obtained wind patterns in the warm season

A response of the circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) to different kinds of wind forcing is studied, with the emphasis on the warm season, using a primitive equation oceanic model. Wind forcing is based on typical patterns obtained from complex empirical orthogonal functions of 1°-gridded NCEP/NCAR 6 h winds for 1998–2005. These patterns are distinguished by a prevailing wind direction. Northwestern wind and strong cyclonic (C) curl prevail in winter, while a variety of patterns occur in the warm season, differing in the wind direction and curl. Three model runs are performed to examine the circulation in response to a prevailing C wind stress curl or an alternating C and anticyclonic (AC) curl or a strong C curl in the warm season. The simulated features are consistent with the observational evidence, in particular with thermal fronts and frequent eddy locations derived from multi-year infrared satellite imagery. The simulated C circulation intensifies and the subarctic region extends southward with the strengthening of a summer C wind stress curl over the JES. Variability of Subarctic Front (SF) in the western JES (between 130°E and 133°E) is strongly affected by summer wind stress curl. Forcing by an AC curl tends to shift SF northward, while SF shifts to the south under the forcing by a C curl, reaching the southern Ulleung Basin in the case of the strong C curl. In the northwestern JES (off Peter the Great Bay, Russia, and North Korea), the SF northwestern branch (NWSF) is simulated. It is a known feature in autumn and early winter and can also occur in the warm season. The simulation results suggest an AC wind stress curl as the forcing of the formation of the NWSF in the warm season. The Siberia Seamount and sharply bending coastline near Peter the Great Bay facilitate partial separation of the Primorye (Liman) Current from the coast. The wind stress curl can be an additional forcing of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) branching off the Korea Strait to the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) and the offshore branch (OB). In the warm season, the simulated TWC bifurcation occurs farther north, the EKWC is strong, and the OB is weak under the forcing of the AC wind stress curl. The EKWC is weak and the OB is strong under the forcing of the strong C wind stress curl.     

Optimum routing of a sailing wind farm

To acquire the wind energy of the oceans, a sailing wind farm has been proposed. The wind farm considered is composed of a semisubmersible floating structure, 11 windmills, four sails, six thrusters, and storage for hydrogen. To maximize the acquired energy, an effective algorithm to search for optimum routes was developed. The algorithm is based on the fact that beam winds yield a maximum of acquired energy. This feature reduces the computation time, and, consequently, efficient route optimization becomes possible in a reasonable time. After setting an operational area for the wind farm, navigation simulations for a 1-year period were carried out. A numerical weather forecast was used as well as the responses of the floating structure, such as the speed of the structure, the output power of the windmills, and the time of course changes. In the simulation, the wind farm evades rough seas to avoid structural damage, and an optimum route is searched for. The capacity factor of the system was used to evaluate the efficiency of the optimized routes. From the simulations, the maximum capacity factor achieved was 42.6%. The dependency of the capacity factor on the initial position of the wind farm was also examined. It was shown that offshore from Sanriku in northeastern Japan is an area suited to the operation of the wind farm. The effect of the initial position on consecutive periods of operation is discussed.     

飞龙岛大桥施工阶段抗风性能分析

文章依据规范确定飞龙岛大桥桥位处的抗风设计参数,对主桥最大单悬臂施工状态的动力特性进行了分析,确定了主梁的三分力系数取值,并通过风荷载计算与静风稳定性数值分析,验证了该桥在施工阶段的抗风性能。     

Effect of wind speed variation on the dynamics of a high-speed train

The severe shaking due to wind speed variation in high-speed trains has a negative impact on driving safety and riding comfort. It is difficult to solve this problem by directly applying civil engineering technology because of the actual conditions. Therefore, set up a reasonable train operation plan considering the wind speed variation under strong winds is very important. In this study, a multi-body simulation model of a CRH2 high-speed rail vehicle is constructed, and the overturning coefficient is set as the safety limit, we established a crosswind model on the basis of measured wind speed curves and investigated the effect of the rate of wind speed changes, the duration of maximum wind speed and the variation of wind speed in different amplitude on the dynamics of the high-speed train. Considering the most critical wind speed variation conditions, the characteristic wind curve is obtained, which can be used as a reference to set up a reasonable train operation scheme considering the wind speed variation.     

基于机舱式多普勒脉冲激光雷达测风的风速重构技术

近年来,激光雷达测风已经成为一种可靠的风速测量技术,为了在风电机组控制和监测中准确高效的使用激光雷达测风数据,需要对激光雷达测风数据进行高效、快速、准确的实时处理。目前机舱式激光雷达测风面临如下问题：激光雷达在受到来流风时会跟随机舱振动,导致实测数据波动进而对风速重构算法产生影响;激光雷达会受到风电机组叶片遮挡,导致实测数据缺失或出现无效数据。本文通过合理配置激光雷达参数,以雷达测风数据作为研究对象,对测风数据进行数值修正,消除机舱振动带来的误差,开发出一套先进先出嵌套循环判断填充算法解决叶片遮挡问题,建立线性剪切风场模型,基于递推最小二乘法求解风场特征参数,最后通过泰勒冻结湍流假说计算风轮面转子有效风速,与机舱内控制参数反演出的转子有效风速进行对比,得出两组数据相关性在0.9374,两组数据差值的标准差为0.3429,结果证明在实际应用中,使用该配置参数的激光雷达通过坐标修正和数据填充等技术手段,开发的风速重构模型算法能够准确的为风电机组控制系统提供可靠的控制输入参数。     

“明州22”号船风帆骨架强度有限元分析

对集装箱船用风帆结构力状况进行了分析，用不同梁单元构造了风帆典型结构的有限元模型。通过对各应力分量进行分析，拽出了风帆结构的总体强度以及是易破坏的危险区域。     

郑和船队下西洋航线及其相关的季风航海问题

郑和船队的海上航行活动,与低纬度地区的季风变化有着密切联系,具体表现为:1)郑和船队下西洋的出发港选择在福建长乐,这里属于亚热带季风的稳定影响地区;2)郑和下西洋船队,往返时间一般为一年半,这个特点主要是由船队选择的特定航线和航行中需要利用的不同季风的转向时间决定的;3)郑和船队航程中的候风点有“斯鲁马益”、“苏门答剌”;4)分地点有“苏门答剌”、“古里”;5)主船队与各分支船队的合地点在“满剌加”。郑和船队在选择航线,确定候风点、分点、合点时,充分考虑了低纬度地区季风的变化特点,反映出当时中国海员深谙低纬度季风变化规律,充分利用其特点进行远洋航海的高超水平。     

吹吸式通风装置在棚车棚板焊接烟尘控制中的应用

吹吸式通风装置是一种能有效控制污染源扩散的通风装置。在棚板焊接上单纯采用吸气罩来排除大面积焊接烟尘，存在着效果不理想以及方式不够合理等问题。因而提出了将吹吸式通风装置用于棚板焊接烟尘控制上。对其烟尘控制的有效性和合理性作了具体分析，同时介绍了吹吸式通风装置送、排风量的计算方法。     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.