基于底盘测功机的摩托车耐久性和工况排放试验中冷却风机出口风速随距离衰减的研究

摩托车国Ⅲ工况排放测试和耐久性测试中,摩托车要在底盘测功机上跟踪规定的曲线行驶,风机模拟道路行驶中的自然风冷却车辆,速度满足风速等于车速。由于从风机出口断面到摩托车发动机有一定距离,随着距离的增加,出口风速、风量会发生衰减和扩散,这样,到达发动机的风速必然小于车速,致使冷却效果下降,模拟效果不佳,长时间运行还会对发动机、催化转化器产生损害,影响排放结果。     

飞龙岛大桥施工阶段抗风性能分析

文章依据规范确定飞龙岛大桥桥位处的抗风设计参数,对主桥最大单悬臂施工状态的动力特性进行了分析,确定了主梁的三分力系数取值,并通过风荷载计算与静风稳定性数值分析,验证了该桥在施工阶段的抗风性能。     

列车气动性能评估参数研究

列车外形对列车气动性能起决定性作用。以往常采用长度法定义的长细比(长度长细比)来评估不同头部外形气动性能,这种方法在车身横截面积相同的情况下,致使长度相同外形不同的流线型车头具有相同的长细比而无法进行比较。针对这一情况,对不同外形系列的流线型列车开展了风洞实验研究,在此基础上提出了一组新的列车气动性能评估参数-整体长细比和宽细比。整体长细比考虑了车头流线型部分水平面投影形状(水平长细比)和纵向对称面投影形状(纵向长细比)对空气阻力的影响,宽细比则综合了长度长细比和车头流线型部分水平面投影形状对列车交会压力波的影响。研究结果表明该组评估参数能较好地反映出端车流线型外形对列车气动阻力和交会空气压力波幅值的影响。     

走锚预报数学模型

本文通过对锚泊船进行受力分析和受力计算，应用船舶操纵基本方程，建立了风流浪等外力作用下，锚泊船在浅水、低速、大漂角中的运动方程。通过对船舶运动与锚链受力及锚链受力与锚抓力之间的关系进行研究，提出了一般运输船单锚泊时，在设定的海况下进行走锚预报的数学模型。并利用计算机对实船进行模拟计算，取得了与实际情况比较符合的效果。本文对研制开发走锚预报器提供了理论依据，对于提高锚泊安全性作了一种新的尝试。     

KZ4A型机车冷却塔风机内部流场数值模拟与改进设计

介绍CFD流体分析软件,对出口哈萨克斯坦的KZAA型机车冷却塔风机的内部流场进行三维数值模拟,并与试验数据对比.模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了三维数值模拟对于风机气动设计的可行性.     

兰新高铁大风区接触网正馈线悬挂结构适应性分析

试验和运行经验表明,兰新高铁大风区接触网正馈线(AF线)疲劳磨损问题非常突出。通过理论结合实际的方法,利用有限元三维流体场仿真辅助手段,分析百里、三十里风区挡风墙后方大风运动特征及AF线风场内受挡风墙结构增速影响的运动特点,提出AF线受激励源干扰产生大幅振动的机理。利用现场样本空间数据累计及AF线V形悬挂铰接零部件的运动频次,提出AF线V形悬挂结构合理性设计的关键点及结构匹配重要性,以及限制零部件间磨损的有效措施。     

汽轮发电机后轴承座渗油原因分析与处理措施

汽轮发电机在运行期间出现了后轴承座冒油气以及滑油渗出现象.对冒油气以及滑油渗出的原因分析表明,高温下滑油的挥发性以及发电机旋转整流装置的鼓风机效应是导致上述现象产生的主要因素.提出3种改进措施,结合改进效果以及工程实施难度,选取了增加抽气孔方案作为最终处理措施.机组在完成改进后冒油气与渗油现象基本消失.     

Investigation of turbulent flows in a waterjet intake duct using stereoscopic PIV measurements

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were made in a wind tunnel using a prototype waterjet model. The main wind tunnel provided the vehicle velocity and a secondary wind tunnel was set up as the waterjet propulsion model. Pressure distributions along the ramp and lip sides inside the duct were measured for three jet velocity to vehicle velocity ratios. Three-dimensional velocity fields were obtained at the intake entrance and the nozzle exit of the waterjet system. The flow into the duct was faster in the lip region than on the ramp side. Because of the variation in intake geometry from a rectangular to a circular section and because of the sudden curvature change on the lip side, a pair of counter-rotating vortices was observed in the mean velocity field at the nozzle exit. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy correlated with the vortex pair was stronger on the lip side than in other areas. Dominant large-scale structures were extracted by using a snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition analysis. It was found that most of the turbulent kinetic energy was attributed to at least three vortices near the nozzle exit. This detailed three-dimensional velocity field will be useful for the verification of CFD simulations applied to the waterjet system.     

Effects of wind strength and wave height on ship incident risk: Regional trends and seasonality

Oceanographic conditions like wind strength and wave height affect the risk of shipping incidents. Seasonal variations and trends in these effects are studied for weather-related incidents and pollution incidents, for six major ship types and for six regions across the globe. The employed database of more than five million observations combines information from various sources on oceanographic conditions, ship particulars, and incidents. The magnitude of wind and wave effects is found to vary by ship type, region, season, and period, and most of these effects are larger during the autumn and winter season and in recent periods.     

Comparative analysis between operational weather prediction models and QuikSCAT wind data near the Galician coast

Wind measurements from SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA QuikSCAT satellite and wind forecasts from two different operational numerical models provided by MeteoGalicia were compared for a 4-year period (2002–2005) in Galician coast environment. Available wind data buoy measurements were also used to complement the analysis. A statistical analysis based on mean errors, root mean square errors and complex correlation was performed from spatial, temporal and directional points of view.In the spatial comparison no significant differences between models and satellite were observed and the error magnitudes of the models are compatible with typical QuikSCAT errors. The suitability of satellite wind estimations for data assimilation in these models must be further investigated. Negative bias of models with respect to the satellite was also confirmed with buoy data, in such a way that models overestimation is smaller than the satellite one. Big errors in wind direction appear in southeasterly and southwesterly winds for both satellite and models, contributing to high RMSE values when compared to buoy data. These errors were mainly attributed to the effect of insufficient spatial resolution near shore.