西江大风对船舶航行的影响及预防措施

西江大风天气时常威胁着船舶的航行安全,易造成西江航运海难事故。文章介绍了西江大风天气的特征,分析了西江大风对船舶航行的影响,并提出建立天气预警系统和提高船舶防御能力的预防措施。     

广东省建设海上示范风电场的可行性研究

广东省是能源缺乏的省份,需向广西、贵州等省区购入大量电能,且火电占发电总装机的72.6%,大量的煤炭需从其他省份购买。风力发电是清洁的可再生能源,是目前世界上发展最快的绿色能源技术,符合国家可持续战略发展的需要。广东省濒临南海,有4300多km海岸线和上千个岛屿,亚热带季候风常年长盛不衰,风力资源极为丰富,开发利用风力发电具有得天独厚的地缘优势,且广东资金实力雄厚。根据《可再生能源发展十一五规划》的要求,考虑到国际上以近海风电场为主的发展方向,广东在沿海地区近岸海域进行近海示范风电场建设十分必要且可行。     

Methodology for global structural load effect analysis of the semi-submersible hull of floating wind turbines under still water,wind, and wave loads

In designing the support structures of floating wind turbines (FWTs), a key challenge is to determine the load effects (at the cross-sectional load and stress level). This is because FWTs are subjected to complex global, local, static, and dynamic loads in stochastic environmental conditions. Up to now, most of the studies of FWTs have focused on the dynamic motion characteristics of FWTs, while minimal research has touched upon the internal load effects of the support structure. However, a good understanding of the structural load effects is essential since it is the basis for achieving a good design. Motivated by the situation, this study deals with the global load effect analysis for FWT support structures. A semi-submersible hull of a 10-MW FWT is used in the case study. A novel analysis method is employed to obtain the time-domain internal load effects of the floater, which account for the static and dynamic global loads under the still water, wind, and wave loads and associated motions. The investigation of the internal stresses resulting from various global loads under operational and parked conditions and the dynamic behavior of the structural load effects in various environmental conditions are made. The dominating load components for structural responses of the semi-submersible floater and the significant dynamic characteristics under different wind and wave conditions are identified. The dynamic load effects of the floating support structure are investigated by considering the influence of the second-order wave loads, viscous drag loads induced global motions, and wind and wave misalignments. The main results are discussed, and the main findings are summarized. The insights gained provide a basis for improving the design and analysis of FWT support structures.     

基于模糊PID控制器的海上风电机系统仿真模拟

当海上风电机的风轮运转时,由于风速的变化和风力涡轮机的惯性,风轮速度的变化不能与风速的变化保持同步,因此控制系统长时间处于瞬态过程中。文章主要研究了海上风力发电机仿真模拟技术和模糊PID控制器设计。通过Matlab建立了风机Simulink模型。与传统的PID控制相比,模糊PID控制器具有快速响应和良好的动态特性。     

自升式平台板壳式桩腿设计与建造研究

桩腿是自升式平台的关键部件,其设计强度决定了平台的作业能力及相应环境条件的选取,同时也是平台升降系统选型及其主要性能参数确定的重要依据。本文结合近年来海上风能开发热点,以目前市场上主流的自升式风电安装平台为研究对象,结合其作业及功能特点,综合平台载荷工况特征及强度要求,针对桩腿截面型式的选取,内部环筋加强结构、桩腿桩靴连接区域结构设计及插销孔的强度分析等关键技术进行深入研究。并从建造流程、精度控制及焊接工艺出发,探讨了板壳式桩腿建造工艺,获得了适用于柱型桩腿设计方法及强度分析工程化方法,为此类结构设计提供重要参考,具有实际工程应用价值。     

半潜式钻井平台风载荷CFD预报

在平台设计过程中,海洋平台受到的风载荷是稳性分析与结构设计需要考虑的重要因素。本文采用CFD技术,对某型半潜式钻井平台在作业工况下受到的风载荷进行了预报,分析了湍流模型、风速剖面形式、湍流强度分布等因素对半潜式钻井平台风载荷的影响。结果表明：不同湍流模型对海洋平台风载荷的预报偏差在2%以内,可以忽略湍流模型的影响;风速剖面对风载荷有较大影响,随着风速梯度的增加而增大;湍流强度分布对海洋平台风载荷的影响在6%以内。研究结论可为建立高精度的海洋平台风载荷数值预报方法提供技术支持。     

单柱式浮式风力机动力响应数值与试验分析

以200 m作业水深的5 MW OC3单柱式浮式风力机为研究对象,采用FAST程序对其在不同海况下的运动进行全耦合时历数值计算,并与采用1∶50缩尺比模型试验所得时历结果进行对比,通过时域以及频域方法对平台主要自由度运动以及系泊拉力进行分析。研究发现:垂向运动带来的自由面记忆效应较纵向和横向小;悬链线式模型所能提供的系泊拉力较张紧式系泊提供的拉力小;风浪联合作用下,风载荷主要激励低频固有频率运动,波浪载荷则主要激励波频运动;平台纵荡和纵摇运动受系泊系统的影响较大,而垂荡运动则不受系泊系统的影响。     

电力机车牵引变压器风机节能控制装置的研究

对机车牵引变压器节能控制装置进行介绍,通过温度传感器检测及显示电力机车牵引变压器当前的油温,以变压器油温为控制目标对变压器风机运行进行自动控制,以达到节约能源并降低噪声的目的。     

多轴混合动力特种车辆空气动力学特性分析与改进设计

建立某多轴混合动力特种车辆整车外流场仿真模型,采用计算流体力学方法分析整车外流场特性。根据分析结果对驾驶室进气格栅、驾驶室与货箱之间的上部连接、驾驶室下部进风口三个部位进行优化设计。在优化设计过程中,特别关注提升各车桥分布式驱动电机的散热效果,并根据局部外流场特性确定车桥处的电机风扇朝向布置。结果表明,优化后的整车风阻系数降低了6.4%,各车桥均可通过底盘底部的气流分支进行良好冷却,确保满足驱动电机的散热需求。     

Wind Pressure Characteristics at Windward Side of Long-Span Cantilevered Roof by Wind Tunnel Test

A rigid mode of long-span cantilevered roof was tested in wind tunnel.By analyzing the relation between wind angle and wind pressure coefficient and the relation between wind angle and wind shape factor,we found that 90° is the most disadvantageous wind angle.Furthermore,the fluctuation of wind pressure at the windward edge was reflected by power spectrum density (PSD) and coherence function.The correlation coefficients of measuring points on outer and inner surfaces verifys that the largest lift force was produced at 90°.